The Sacred Bible:  The Book of Exodus

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[Exodus 1]
[Exodus 1]

{1:1} Hæc sunt nomina filiorum Israel qui ingressi sunt in Ægyptum cum Iacob: singuli cum domibus suis introierunt:
{1:1} These are the names of the sons of Israel, who went into Egypt with Jacob. They entered, each one with his house:

{1:2} Ruben, Simeon, Levi, Iudas,
{1:2} Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah,

{1:3} Issachar, Zabulon et Beniamin,
{1:3} Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin,

{1:4} Dan, et Nephthali, Gad, et Aser.
{1:4} Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher.

{1:5} Erant igitur omnes animæ eorum qui egressi sunt de femore Iacob, septuaginta: Ioseph autem in Ægypto erat.
{1:5} Therefore, all the souls of those who went forth from Jacob’s thigh were seventy. Now Joseph was in Egypt.

{1:6} Quo mortuo, et universis fratribus eius, omnique cognatione illa,
{1:6} When he had died, along with all of his brothers and all of that generation,

{1:7} filii Israel creverunt, et quasi germinantes multiplicati sunt: ac roborati nimis, impleverunt terram.
{1:7} the sons of Israel increased, and they multiplied like seedlings. And having been strengthened exceedingly, they filled the land.

~ The word ‘germinantes’ is an example of a participle used as a noun: seedlings.

{1:8} Surrexit interea rex novus super Ægyptum, qui ignorabat Ioseph:
{1:8} Meanwhile, there arose a new king over Egypt, who was ignorant of Joseph.

{1:9} et ait ad populum suum: Ecce, populus filiorum Israel multus, et fortior nobis est.
{1:9} And he said to his people: “Behold, the people of the sons of Israel are many, and they are stronger than we are.

{1:10} Venite, sapienter opprimamus eum, ne forte multiplicetur: et si ingruerit contra nos bellum, addatur inimicis nostris, expugnatisque nobis egrediatur de terra.
{1:10} Come, let us wisely oppress them, lest they multiply; and if any war should advance against us, they may be added to our enemies, and having fought against us, they might depart from the land.”

{1:11} Præposuit itaque eis magistros operum, ut affligerent eos oneribus: ædificaveruntque urbes tabernaculorum Pharaoni, Phithom, et Ramesses.
{1:11} And so he set over them masters of the works, in order to afflict them with burdens. And they built for Pharaoh the cities of the tabernacles: Pithom and Raamses.

{1:12} Quantoque opprimebant eos, tanto magis multiplicabantur, et crescebant:
{1:12} And the more they oppressed them, so much more did they multiply and increase.

{1:13} oderantque filios Israel Ægyptii, et affligebant illudentes eis:
{1:13} And the Egyptians hated the sons of Israel, and they afflicted them and mocked them.

{1:14} atque ad amaritudinem perducebant vitam eorum operibus duris luti, et lateris, omnique famulatu, quo in terræ operibus premebantur.
{1:14} And they led their life directly into bitterness, with hard work in clay and brick, and with all kinds of servitude, so that they were being overwhelmed with the works of the land.

{1:15} Dixit autem rex Ægypti obstetricibus Hebræorum: quarum una vocabatur Sephora, altera Phua,
{1:15} Then the king of Egypt spoke to the midwives of the Hebrews, (one of whom one was called Shiphrah, another Puah)

{1:16} præcipiens eis: Quando obstetricabitis Hebræas, et partus tempus advenerit: si masculus fuerit, interficite eum: si femina, reservate.
{1:16} instructing them: “When you will act as a midwife to the Hebrew women, and the time of delivery has arrived: if it is male, put it to death; if it is female, retain it.”

{1:17} Timuerunt autem obstetrices Deum, et non fecerunt iuxta præceptum regis Ægypti, sed conservabant mares.
{1:17} But the midwives feared God, and so they did not act according to the precept of the king of Egypt, but they kept the males safe.

{1:18} Quibus ad se accersitis, rex ait: Quidnam est hoc quod facere voluistis, ut pueros servaretis?
{1:18} And summoning them, the king said, “What did you intend to do, so that you would save the boys?”

{1:19} Quæ responderunt: Non sunt Hebreæ sicut Ægyptiæ mulieres: ipsæ enim obstetricandi habent scientiam, et priusquam veniamus ad eas, pariunt.
{1:19} They responded: “The Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women. For they themselves have the wisdom of a midwife, and so they give birth before we can come to them.”

~ The midwives were not lying. The Hebrew women were very hardy and strong, having spent their lives in manual labor and hardship. The Hebrew women also feared that their child would be male and be killed, so they did not call for the midwives, if they could avoid doing so. So, in fact, they did often give birth before the midwives arrived. They also likely had some obstetrical knowledge handed down through their families, because the Hebrew people had strong extended families. So, the statements by the midwives were true. They did not reveal the additional truth that when they were present for the birth, they deliberately helped to preserve the males from death. But they did not lie.

{1:20} Bene ergo fecit Deus obstetricibus: et crevit populus, confortatusque est nimis.
{1:20} Therefore, God acted favorably toward the midwives. And the people increased, and they were strengthened exceedingly.

{1:21} Et quia timuerunt obstetrices Deum, ædificavit eis domos.
{1:21} And because the midwives feared God, he built houses for them.

{1:22} Præcepit ergo Pharao omni populo suo, dicens: Quidquid masculini sexus natum fuerit, in flumen proiicite: quidquid feminini, reservate.
{1:22} Therefore, Pharaoh instructed all his people, saying: “Whatever will be born of the male sex, cast it into the river; whatever will be born of the female sex, retain it.”

[Exodus 2]
[Exodus 2]

{2:1} Egressus est post hæc vir de domo Levi: et accepit uxorem stirpis suæ.
{2:1} After these things, a man from the house of Levi went out, and he took a wife from his own stock.

{2:2} Quæ concepit, et peperit filium: et videns eum elegantem, abscondit tribus mensibus.
{2:2} And she conceived and bore a son. And seeing him to be handsome, she hid him for three months.

{2:3} Cumque iam celare non posset, sumpsit fiscellam scirpeam, et linivit eam bitumine ac pice: posuitque intus infantulum, et exposuit eum in carecto ripæ fluminis,
{2:3} And when she was no longer able to hide him, she took a small basket woven of bulrushes, and she smeared it with pitch as well as tar. And she placed the little infant inside, and she laid him in the sedges by the bank of the river.

{2:4} stante procul sorore eius, et considerante eventum rei.
{2:4} His sister was standing at a distance and was wondering what would happen.

{2:5} Ecce autem descendebat filia Pharaonis ut lavaretur in flumine: et puellæ eius gradiebantur per crepidinem alvei. Quæ cum vidisset fiscellam in papyrione, misit unam e famulabus suis: et allatam
{2:5} Then, behold, the daughter of Pharaoh descended to wash in the river. And her maids walked along the edge of the cove. And when she had seen the small basket among the papyruses, she sent one of her servants for it. And when it was brought,

~ The women would not have bathed in the main part of the river, with rushing waters, but in a small cove in the river bank, where the waters would be still. The word ‘alvei’ does not mean ‘river,’ but has a meaning, in this context, like the English word ‘cove.’

{2:6} aperiens, cernensque in ea parvulum vagientem, miserta eius, ait: De infantibus Hebræorum est hic.
{2:6} she opened it; and realizing that within it was a little one crying, she took pity on him, and she said: “This is one of the infants of the Hebrews.”

{2:7} Cui soror pueri: Vis, inquit, ut vadam, et vocem tibi mulierem Hebræam, quæ nutrire possit infantulum?
{2:7} And the sister of the boy said to her: “If you wish, I will go and call to you a Hebrew woman, who will be able nurse the infant.”

{2:8} Respondit: Vade. Perrexit puella et vocavit matrem suam.
{2:8} She responded, “Go.” The maid went directly and called her mother.

{2:9} Ad quam locuta filia Pharaonis: Accipe, ait, puerum istum, et nutri mihi: ego dabo tibi mercedem tuam. Suscepit mulier, et nutrivit puerum: adultumque tradidit filiæ Pharaonis.
{2:9} And the daughter of Pharaoh said to her: “Take this boy and nurse him for me. I will give you your wages.” The woman took and nursed the boy. And when he was mature, she delivered him to the daughter of Pharaoh.

{2:10} Quem illa adoptavit in locum filii, vocavitque nomen eius Moyses, dicens: Quia de aqua tuli eum.
{2:10} And she adopted him in place of a son, and she called his name Moses, saying, “Because I took him from the water.”

{2:11} In diebus illis postquam creverat Moyses, egressus est ad fratres suos: viditque afflictionem eorum, et virum Ægyptium percutientem quemdam de Hebræis fratribus suis.
{2:11} In those days, after Moses had grown up, he went out to his brothers. And he saw their affliction and an Egyptian man striking a certain one of the Hebrews, his brothers.

{2:12} Cumque circumspexisset huc atque illuc, et nullum adesse vidisset, percussum Ægyptium abscondit sabulo.
{2:12} And when he had looked around this way and that, and had seen no one nearby, he struck down the Egyptian and hid him in the sand.

{2:13} Et egressus die altero conspexit duos Hebræos rixantes: dixitque ei qui faciebat iniuriam: Quare percutis proximum tuum?
{2:13} And going out the next day, he spotted two Hebrews quarrelling violently. And he said to him who was causing the injury, “Why do you strike your neighbor?”

{2:14} Qui respondit: Quis te constituit principem et iudicem super nos? num occidere me tu vis, sicut heri occidisti Ægyptium? Timuit Moyses, et ait: Quomodo palam factum est verbum istud?
{2:14} But he responded: “Who appointed you as leader and judge over us? Do you want to kill me, just as yesterday you killed the Egyptian?” Moses was afraid, and he said, “How has this word become known?”

{2:15} Audivitque Pharao sermonem hunc, et quærebat occidere Moysen: qui fugiens de conspectu eius, moratus est in Terra Madian, et sedit iuxta puteum.
{2:15} And Pharaoh heard this talk, and he sought to kill Moses. But fleeing from his sight, he stayed in the land of Midian, and he sat down next to a well.

{2:16} Erant autem sacerdoti Madian septem filiæ, quæ venerunt ad hauriendam aquam: et impletis canalibus adaquare cupiebant greges patris sui.
{2:16} Now there was a priest of Midian with seven daughters, who came to draw water. And having filled the troughs, they desired to water their father’s flocks.

{2:17} Supervenere pastores, et eiecerunt eas: surrexitque Moyses, et defensis puellis, adaquavit oves earum.
{2:17} The shepherds overcame them and drove them away. And Moses rose up, and defending the girls, he watered their sheep.

{2:18} Quæ cum revertissent ad Raguel patrem suum, dixit ad eas: Cur velocius venistis solito?
{2:18} And when they had returned to their father, Reuel, he said to them, “Why have you arrived sooner than usual?”

{2:19} Responderunt: Vir Ægyptius liberavit nos de manu pastorum: insuper et hausit aquam nobiscum, potumque dedit ovibus.
{2:19} They responded: “A man of Egypt freed us from the hands of the shepherds. Moreover, he also drew water with us and gave the sheep to drink.”

{2:20} At ille: Ubi est? inquit, Quare dimisistis hominem? Vocate eum ut comedat panem.
{2:20} But he said: “Where is he? Why have you dismissed the man? Call him, so that he may eat bread.”

{2:21} Iuravit ergo Moyses quod habitaret cum eo. Accepitque Sephoram filiam eius uxorem:
{2:21} Therefore, Moses swore that he would live with him. And he accepted his daughter Zipporah as a wife.

{2:22} quæ peperit ei filium, quem vocavit Gersam, dicens: Advena fui in terra aliena. Alterum vero peperit, quem vocavit Eliezer, dicens: Deus enim patris mei adiutor meus eripuit me de manu Pharaonis.
{2:22} And she bore a son to him, whom he called Gershom, saying, “I have been a newcomer in a foreign land.” In truth, she bore another, whom he called Eliezer, saying, “For the God of my father, my helper, has rescued me from the hand of Pharaoh.”

{2:23} Post multum vero tempore mortuus est rex Ægypti: et ingemiscentes filii Israel, propter opera vociferati sunt: ascenditque clamor eorum ad Deum ab operibus.
{2:23} In truth, after a long time, the king of Egypt was dead. And the sons of Israel, groaning, cried out because of the works. And their cry ascended to God from the works.

{2:24} Et audivit gemitum eorum, ac recordatus est fœderis quod pepigit cum Abraham, Isaac, et Iacob.
{2:24} And he heard their groaning, and he also remembered the covenant which he formed with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

{2:25} Et respexit Dominus filios Israel et cognovit eos.
{2:25} And the Lord looked with favor on the sons of Israel, and he knew them.

[Exodus 3]
[Exodus 3]

{3:1} Moyses autem pascebat oves Iethro soceri sui sacerdotis Madian: cumque minasset gregem ad interiora deserti, venit ad montem Dei Horeb.
{3:1} Now Moses was pasturing the sheep of his father-in-law Jethro, a priest of Midian. And when he had driven the flock into the interior of the desert, he came to the mountain of God, Horeb.

{3:2} Apparuitque ei Dominus in flamma ignis de medio rubi: et videbat quod rubus arderet, et non combureretur.
{3:2} And the Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire from the midst of a bush. And he saw that the bush was burning and was not burnt.

{3:3} Dixit ergo Moyses: Vadam, et videbo visionem hanc magnam, quare non comburatur rubus.
{3:3} Therefore, Moses said, “I will go and see this great sight, why the bush is not burnt.”

{3:4} Cernens autem Dominus quod pergeret ad videndum, vocavit eum de medio rubi, et ait: Moyses, Moyses. Qui respondit: Adsum.
{3:4} Then the Lord, discerning that he proceeded on to see it, called to him from the midst of the bush, and he said, “Moses, Moses.” And he responded, “Here I am.”

{3:5} At ille: Ne appropies, inquit, huc: solve calceamentum de pedibus tuis: locus enim, in quo stas, terra sancta est.
{3:5} And he said: “Lest you should approach here, remove the shoes from your feet. For the place on which you stand is holy ground.”

{3:6} Et ait: Ego sum Deus patris tui, Deus Abraham, Deus Isaac, et Deus Iacob. Abscondit Moyses faciem suam: non enim audebat aspicere contra Deum.
{3:6} And he said, “I am the God of your father: the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” Moses hid his face, for he dared not look directly at God.

{3:7} Cui ait Dominus: Vidi afflictionem populi mei in Ægypto, et clamorem eius audivi propter duritiam eorum qui præsunt operibus:
{3:7} And the Lord said to him: “I have seen the affliction of my people in Egypt, and I have heard their outcry because of the harshness of those who are over the works.

{3:8} et sciens dolorem eius, descendi ut liberem eum de manibus Ægyptiorum, et educam de terra illa in terram bonam, et spatiosam, in terram quæ fluit lacte et melle, ad loca Chananæi, et Hethæi, et Amorrhæi, et Pherezæi, et Hevæi, et Iebusæi.
{3:8} And knowing their sorrow, I have descended in order to free them from the hands of the Egyptians, and to lead them from that land into a good and spacious land, into a land which flows with milk and honey, to the places of the Canaanite, and Hittite, and Amorite, and Perizzite, and Hivite, and Jebusite.

{3:9} Clamor ergo filiorum Israel venit ad me: vidique afflictionem eorum, qua ab Ægyptiis opprimuntur.
{3:9} And so, the outcry of the sons of Israel has come to me. And I have seen their affliction, with which they are oppressed by the Egyptians.

{3:10} Sed veni, et mittam te ad Pharaonem, ut educas populum meum, filios Israel de Ægypto.
{3:10} But come, and I will send you to Pharaoh, so that you may lead my people, the sons of Israel, out of Egypt.”

{3:11} Dixitque Moyses ad Deum: Quis sum ego ut vadam ad Pharaonem, et educam filios Israel de Ægypto?
{3:11} And Moses said to God, “Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh and that I should lead the sons of Israel out of Egypt?”

{3:12} Qui dixit ei: Ego ero tecum: et hoc habebis signum, quod miserim te: Cum eduxeris populum meum de Ægypto, immolabis Deo super montem istum.
{3:12} And he said to him: “I will be with you. And you will have this as a sign that I have sent you: When you will have brought my people out of Egypt, you will offer sacrifice to God upon this mountain.”

{3:13} Ait Moyses ad Deum: Ecce ego vadam ad filios Israel, et dicam eis: Deus patrum vestrorum misit me ad vos. Si dixerint mihi: Quod est nomen eius? quid dicam eis?
{3:13} Moses said to God: “Behold, I will go to the sons of Israel, and I will say to them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you.’ If they say to me, ‘What is his name?’ What shall I say to them?”

{3:14} Dixit Deus ad Moysen: EGO SUM QUI SUM. Ait: Sic dices filiis Israel: QUI EST, misit me ad vos.
{3:14} God said to Moses, “I AM WHO AM.” He said: “Thus shall you say to the sons of Israel: ‘HE WHO IS has sent me to you.’ ”

{3:15} Dixitque iterum Deus ad Moysen: Hæc dices filiis Israel: Dominus Deus patrum vestrorum, Deus Abraham, Deus Isaac, et Deus Iacob misit me ad vos: hoc nomen mihi est in æternum, et hoc memoriale meum in generationem et generationem.
{3:15} And God said again to Moses: “Thus shall you say to the sons of Israel: ‘The Lord God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you.’ This is the name for me in eternity, and this is my memorial from generation to generation.

{3:16} Vade, et congrega seniores Israel, et dices ad eos: Dominus Deus patrum vestrorum apparuit mihi, Deus Abraham, Deus Isaac, et Deus Iacob, dicens: Visitans visitavi vos, et vidi omnia quæ acciderunt vobis in Ægypto:
{3:16} Go and gather together the elders of Israel, and you shall say to them: ‘The Lord God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has appeared to me, saying: When visiting, I have visited you, and I have seen all that has befallen you in Egypt.

{3:17} Et dixi ut educam vos de afflictione Ægypti in terram Chananæi et Hethæi et Amorrhæi et Pherezæi et Hevæi et Iebusæi, ad terram fluentem lacte et melle.
{3:17} And I have spoken in order to lead you out of the affliction of Egypt, into the land of the Canaanite, and Hittite, and Amorite, and Perizzite, and Hivite, and Jebusite, into a land flowing with milk and honey.’

{3:18} Et audient vocem tuam: ingredierisque tu, et seniores Israel ad regem Ægypti, et dices ad eum: Dominus Deus Hebræorum vocavit nos: ibimus viam trium dierum in solitudinem, ut immolemus Domino Deo nostro.
{3:18} And they shall hear your voice. And you shall enter, you and the elders of Israel, to the king of Egypt, and you shall say to him: ‘The Lord God of the Hebrews has called us. We shall go three days’ journey into the wilderness, in order to offer sacrifice to the Lord our God.’

{3:19} Sed ego scio quod non dimittet vos rex Ægypti ut eatis nisi per manum validam.
{3:19} But I know that the king of Egypt will not release you, unless you go out by a powerful hand.

{3:20} Extendam enim manum meam, et percutiam Ægyptum in cunctis mirabilibus meis, quæ facturus sum in medio eorum: post hæc dimittet vos.
{3:20} For I will extend my hand, and I will strike Egypt with all my wonders that I will do in the midst of them. After these things, he will release you.

{3:21} Daboque gratiam populo huic coram Ægyptiis: et cum egrediemini, non exibitis vacui:
{3:21} And I will grant favor to this people in the sight of the Egyptians. And so, when you go forth, you shall not go out empty.

{3:22} sed postulabit mulier a vicina sua, et ab hospita sua, vasa argentea et aurea, ac vestes: ponetisque eas super filios et filias vestras, et spoliabitis Ægyptum.
{3:22} But every woman shall ask of her neighbor and of her hostess vessels of silver and of gold, as well as garments. And you shall set them upon your sons and daughters, and you shall despoil Egypt.”

[Exodus 4]
[Exodus 4]

{4:1} Respondens Moyses, ait: Non credent mihi, neque audient vocem meam, sed dicent: Non apparuit tibi Dominus.
{4:1} Responding, Moses said, “They will not believe me, and they will not listen to my voice, but they will say: ‘The Lord has not appeared to you.’ ”

{4:2} Dixit ergo ad eum: Quid est quod tenes in manu tua? Respondit: Virga.
{4:2} Therefore, he said to him, “What is that you hold in your hand?” He answered, “A staff.”

{4:3} Dixitque Dominus: Proiice eam in terram. Proiecit, et versa est in colubrum, ita ut fugeret Moyses.
{4:3} And the Lord said, “Cast it down upon the ground.” He cast it down, and it was turned into a snake, so that Moses fled away.

{4:4} Dixitque Dominus: Extende manum tuam, et apprehende caudam eius. Extendit, et tenuit, versaque est in virgam.
{4:4} And the Lord said, “Reach out your hand, and take hold of its tail.” He reached out his hand and took hold, and it was turned into a staff.

{4:5} Ut credant, inquit, quod apparuerit tibi Dominus Deus patrum suorum, Deus Abraham, Deus Isaac, et Deus Iacob.
{4:5} “So may they believe,” he said, “that the Lord God of their fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has appeared to you.”

{4:6} Dixitque Dominus rursum: Mitte manum tuam in sinum tuum. Quam cum misisset in sinum, protulit leprosam instar nivis.
{4:6} And the Lord said again, “Put your hand into your bosom.” And when he had put it into his bosom, he brought it out leprous, resembling snow.

{4:7} Retrahe, ait, manum tuam in sinum tuum. Retraxit, et protulit iterum, et erat similis carni reliquæ.
{4:7} “Put your hand back,” he said, “into your bosom.” He put it back and brought it out again, and it was like the rest of his flesh.

{4:8} Si non crediderint, inquit, tibi, neque audierint sermonem signi prioris, credent verbo signi sequentis.
{4:8} “If they will not believe you,” he said, “and will not listen to the sermon of the first sign, then they will believe the word of the subsequent sign.

{4:9} Quod si nec duobus quidem his signis crediderint, neque audierint vocem tuam: sume aquam fluminis, et effunde eam super aridam, et quidquid hauseris de fluvio, vertetur in sanguinem.
{4:9} But if they will not believe even these two signs, and they will not listen to your voice: take from the water of the river, and pour it upon the dry land, and whatever you will have drawn from the river will be turned into blood.”

{4:10} Ait Moyses: Obsecro Domine, non sum eloquens ab heri, et nudiustertius: et ex quo locutus es ad servum tuum, impeditioris et tardioris linguæ sum.
{4:10} Moses said: “I beg you, O Lord, I was not eloquent yesterday or the day before. And from the time that you have spoken to your servant, I have a greater impediment and slowness of tongue.”

{4:11} Dixit Dominus ad eum: Quis fecit os hominis? aut quis fabricatus est mutum et surdum, videntem et cæcum? nonne ego?
{4:11} The Lord said to him: “Who made the mouth of man? And who has formed the mute and the deaf, the seeing and the blind? Was it not I?

{4:12} Perge igitur, et ego ero in ore tuo: doceboque te quid loquaris.
{4:12} Go on, therefore, and I will be in your mouth. And I will teach you what you shall say.”

{4:13} At ille: Obsecro, inquit, Domine, mitte quem missurus es.
{4:13} But he said, “I beg you, O Lord, send whomever else you would send.”

{4:14} Iratus Dominus in Moysen, ait: Aaron frater tuus levites, scio quod eloquens sit: ecce ipse egreditur in occursum tuum, vidensque te lætabitur corde.
{4:14} The Lord, being angry at Moses, said: “Aaron the Levite is your brother. I know that he is eloquent. Behold, he is going out to meet you, and seeing you, he will rejoice in heart.

{4:15} Loquere ad eum, et pone verba mea in ore eius: et ego ero in ore tuo, et in ore illius, et ostendam vobis quid agere debeatis.
{4:15} Speak to him, and put my words in his mouth. And I will be in your mouth and in his mouth, and I will reveal to you what you must do.

{4:16} Ipse loquetur pro te ad populum, et erit os tuum: tu autem eris ei in his quæ ad Deum pertinent.
{4:16} He will speak for you to the people, and he will be your mouth. But you will be with him in those things that pertain to God.

{4:17} Virgam quoque hanc sume in manu tua, in qua facturus es signa.
{4:17} Also, take this staff into your hand; with it you will accomplish the signs.”

{4:18} Abiit Moyses, et reversus est ad Iethro socerum suum, dixitque ei: Vadam et revertar ad fratres meos in Ægyptum, ut videam si adhuc vivant. Cui ait Iethro: Vade in pace.
{4:18} Moses went forth, and he returned to Jethro, his father in law, and he said to him, “I shall go and return to my brothers in Egypt, so that I may see if they are still alive.” And Jethro said to him, “Go in peace.”

{4:19} Dixit ergo Dominus ad Moysen in Madian: Vade, et revertere in Ægyptum: mortui sunt enim omnes qui quærebant animam tuam.
{4:19} And so the Lord said to Moses in Midian: “Go, and return to Egypt. For all those who sought your life have died.”

{4:20} Tulit ergo Moyses uxorem suam, et filios suos, et imposuit eos super asinum, reversusque est in Ægyptum, portans virgam Dei in manu sua.
{4:20} Therefore, Moses took his wife and his sons, and he placed them upon a donkey, and he returned into Egypt, carrying the staff of God in his hand.

{4:21} Dixitque ei Dominus revertenti in Ægyptum: Vide ut omnia ostenta quæ posui in manu tua, facias coram Pharaone: ego indurabo cor eius, et non dimittet populum.
{4:21} And the Lord said to him, as he was returning to Egypt: “See that you accomplish, in the sight of Pharaoh, all the wonders that I have placed in your hand. I will harden his heart, and he will not release the people.

{4:22} Dicesque ad eum: Hæc dicit Dominus: Filius meus primogenitus Israel.
{4:22} And you shall say to him: ‘Thus says the Lord: Israel is my firstborn son.

{4:23} Dixi tibi: Dimitte filium meum ut serviat mihi; et noluisti dimittere eum: ecce ego interficiam filium tuum primogenitum.
{4:23} I have said to you: Release my son, so that he may serve me. And you were not willing to release him. Behold, I will put to death your firstborn son.’ ”

{4:24} Cumque esset in itinere, in diversorio occurrit ei Dominus, et volebat occidere eum.
{4:24} And while he was on the journey, at an inn, the Lord met him, and he was willing to kill him.

~ It seems, from the context of the story, that the one the Lord was willing to kill was not Moses, but the firstborn son of Moses. The prior verse spoke about firstborn sons, so the editor placed this event immediately after that text.

{4:25} Tulit idcirco Sephora acutissimam petram, et circumcidit præputium filii sui, tetigitque pedes eius, et ait: Sponsus sanguinum tu mihi es.
{4:25} For this reason, Zipporah took a very sharp stone, and she circumcised the foreskin of her son, and she touched his feet, and she said, “You are a bloody spouse to me.”

{4:26} Et dimisit eum postquam dixerat: Sponsus sanguinum ob circumcisionem.
{4:26} And he released him, after she had said, “You are a bloody spouse,” because of the circumcision.

{4:27} Dixit autem Dominus ad Aaron: Vade in occursum Moysi in desertum. Qui perrexit obviam ei in Montem Dei, et osculatus est eum.
{4:27} Then the Lord said to Aaron, “Go into the desert to meet Moses.” And he went directly to meet him on the mountain of God, and he kissed him.

~ This verse is out of chronological order, since, in the earlier verses, Moses has already left the mountain of God.

{4:28} Narravitque Moyses Aaron omnia verba Domini quibus miserat eum, et signa quæ mandaverat.
{4:28} And Moses explained to Aaron all the words of the Lord, by which he had sent him, and the signs which he had commanded.

{4:29} Veneruntque simul, et congregaverunt cunctos seniores filiorum Israel.
{4:29} And they arrived at the same time, and they gathered together all the elders of the sons of Israel.

{4:30} Locutusque est Aaron omnia verba quæ dixerat Dominus ad Moysen: et fecit signa coram populo,
{4:30} And Aaron spoke all the words which the Lord had said to Moses. And he accomplished the signs in the sight of the people,

{4:31} et credidit populus. Audieruntque quod visitasset Dominus filios Israel, et respexisset afflictionem illorum: et proni adoraverunt.
{4:31} and the people believed. And they heard that the Lord had visited the sons of Israel, and that he had looked with favor upon their affliction. And falling prostrate, they worshiped.

[Exodus 5]
[Exodus 5]

{5:1} Post hæc ingressi sunt Moyses et Aaron, et dixerunt Pharaoni: Hæc dicit Dominus Deus Israel: Dimitte populum meum ut sacrificet mihi in deserto.
{5:1} After these things, Moses and Aaron entered, and they said to Pharaoh: “Thus says the Lord God of Israel: Release my people, so that they may sacrifice to me in the desert.”

{5:2} At ille respondit: Quis est Dominus, ut audiam vocem eius, et dimittam Israel? Nescio Dominum, et Israel non dimittam.
{5:2} But he responded: “Who is the Lord, that I should listen to his voice and release Israel? I do not know the Lord, and I will not release Israel.”

{5:3} Dixeruntque: Deus Hebræorum vocavit nos, ut eamus viam trium dierum in solitudinem, et sacrificemus Domino Deo nostro: ne forte accidat nobis pestis aut gladius.
{5:3} And they said: “The God of the Hebrews has called us, so that we may go three days’ journey into the wilderness and sacrifice to the Lord our God. Otherwise, a pestilence or the sword may befall us.”

{5:4} Ait ad eos rex Ægypti: Quare Moyses et Aaron solicitatis populum ab operibus suis? Ite ad onera vestra.
{5:4} The king of Egypt said to them: “Why do you, Moses and Aaron, distract the people from their works? Go back to your burdens.”

{5:5} Dixitque Pharao: Multus est populus terræ: videtis quod turba succreverit: quanto magis si dederitis eis requiem ab operibus?
{5:5} And Pharaoh said: “The people of the land are many. You see that the turmoil has increased: how much more if you give them rest from the works?”

~ The word ‘turba’ can refer to a multitude or crowd, but moreover it refers to a crowd that is causing a disturbance, or which has undue influence.

{5:6} Præcepit ergo in die illo præfectis operum et exactoribus populi, dicens:
{5:6} Therefore, on the same day, he instructed the overseers of the works, and the taskmasters of the people, saying:

~ Or, more literally, ‘the exactors of the people.’

{5:7} Nequaquam ultra dabitis paleas populo ad conficiendos lateres, sicut prius: sed ipsi vadant, et colligant stipulas.
{5:7} “You shall no longer give chaff to the people to form bricks, as before. But they may go and gather straw.

{5:8} Et mensuram laterum, quam prius faciebant, imponetis super eos, nec minuetis quidquam: vacant enim, et idcirco vociferantur, dicentes: Eamus, et sacrificemus Deo nostro.
{5:8} And you shall impose upon them the same quota of bricks that they made before. Neither will you lessen anything, for they are idle, and therefore they cry out, saying: ‘We shall go and sacrifice to our God.’

{5:9} Opprimantur operibus, et expleant ea: ut non acquiescant verbis mendacibus.
{5:9} They shall be oppressed with works, and these shall occupy them, so that they may not agree to lying words.”

{5:10} Igitur egressi præfecti operum et exactores, ad populum dixerunt: Sic dicit Pharao: Non do vobis paleas:
{5:10} And so the overseers of the works and the taskmasters went out and said to the people: “Thus says Pharaoh: I give you no chaff.

{5:11} ite, et colligite sicubi invenire poteritis, nec minuetur quidquam de opere vestro.
{5:11} Go, and collect it wherever you are able to find it. Neither will anything of your work be diminished.”

{5:12} Dispersusque est populus per omnem Terram Ægypti ad colligendas paleas.
{5:12} And the people were dispersed through all the land of Egypt, in order to gather straw.

{5:13} Præfecti quoque operum instabant, dicentes: Complete opus vestrum quotidie, ut prius facere solebatis quando dabantur vobis paleæ.
{5:13} Likewise, the overseers of the works pressured them, saying: “Complete your work each day, just as you were accustomed to do before, when straw was given to you.”

{5:14} Flagellatique sunt qui præerant operibus filiorum Israel, ab exactoribus Pharaonis, dicentibus: Quare non impletis mensuram laterum sicut prius, nec heri, nec hodie?
{5:14} And those who were first in the works of the sons of Israel were scourged by Pharaoh’s taskmasters, saying: “Why have you not filled the quota of bricks, neither yesterday, nor today, just as before?”

~ There seems to be several levels of leadership in the brick works. The overseers were in the highest position in this hierarchy, then the taskmasters, then the first among the sons of Israel. These leaders among the sons of Israel worked and also were responsible for overseeing the workers. They were ‘straw bosses,’ i.e. workers with an additional role of leadership over their fellow workers.

{5:15} Veneruntque præpositi filiorum Israel, et vociferati sunt ad Pharaonem dicentes: Cur ita agis contra servos tuos?
{5:15} And the first among the sons of Israel came, and they cried out to Pharaoh, saying: “Why do act against your servants in this way?

{5:16} Paleæ non dantur nobis, et lateres similiter imperantur: en famuli tui flagellis cædimur, et iniuste agitur contra populum tuum.
{5:16} Straw is not given to us, and yet the same amount of bricks is commanded. So we, your servants, are cut up by scourging, and injustice is done against your people.”

{5:17} Qui ait: Vacatis otio, et idcirco dicitis: Eamus, et sacrificemus Domino.
{5:17} And he said: “You are idle. And for this reason you say, ‘We shall go and sacrifice to the Lord.’

{5:18} Ite ergo, et operamini: paleæ non dabuntur vobis, et reddetis consuetum numerum laterum.
{5:18} Therefore, go and work. Straw will not be given to you, and you will return the customary number of bricks.”

{5:19} Videbantque se præpositi filiorum Israel in malo, eo quod diceretur eis: Non minuetur quidquam de lateribus per singulos dies.
{5:19} And the first among the sons of Israel saw themselves in a crisis, because it was said to them, “Nothing at all will be lessened from the bricks throughout each day.”

{5:20} Occurreruntque Moysi et Aaron, qui stabant ex adverso, egredientibus a Pharaone:
{5:20} And they met with Moses and Aaron, who stood opposite them as they departed from Pharaoh.

{5:21} et dixerunt ad eos: Videat Dominus et iudicet, quoniam fœtere fecistis odorem nostrum coram Pharaone et servis eius, et præbuistis ei gladium, ut occideret nos.
{5:21} And they said to them: “May the Lord see and judge, because you have caused our odor to become foul before Pharaoh and his servants, and you have provided him with a sword, in order to kill us.”

{5:22} Reversusque est Moyses ad Dominum, et ait: Domine, cur afflixisti populum istum? Quare misisti me?
{5:22} And Moses returned to the Lord, and he said: “Lord, why have you afflicted this people? Why have you sent me?

{5:23} Ex eo enim quo ingressus sum ad Pharaonem ut loquerer in nomine tuo, afflixit populum tuum: et non liberasti eos.
{5:23} For from the time that I entered to Pharaoh, so as to speak in your name, he has afflicted your people. And you have not freed them.”

[Exodus 6]
[Exodus 6]

{6:1} Dixitque Dominus ad Moysen: Nunc videbis quæ facturus sim Pharaoni: per manum enim fortem dimittet eos, et in manu robusta eiiciet illos de terra sua.
{6:1} And the Lord said to Moses: “Now you will see what I shall do to Pharaoh. For through a strong hand he will release them, and by a mighty hand he will cast them from his land.”

{6:2} Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen dicens: Ego Dominus
{6:2} And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: “I am the Lord,

{6:3} qui apparui Abraham, Isaac, et Iacob in Deo omnipotente: et nomen meum ADONAI non indicavi eis.
{6:3} who appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob as Almighty God. And I did not reveal to them my name: ADONAI.

{6:4} Pepigique fœdus cum eis, ut darem eis Terram Chanaan, terram peregrinationis eorum, in qua fuerunt advenæ.
{6:4} And I formed a covenant with them, in order to give them the land of Canaan, the land of their sojourning, in which they were newcomers.

{6:5} Ego audivi gemitum filiorum Israel, quo Ægyptii oppresserunt eos: et recordatus sum pacti mei.
{6:5} I have heard the groaning of the sons of Israel, with which the Egyptians have oppressed them. And I have remembered my covenant.

{6:6} Ideo dic filiis Israel: Ego Dominus qui educam vos de ergastulo Ægyptiorum, et eruam de servitute: ac redimam in brachio excelso, et iudiciis magnis.
{6:6} For this reason, say to the sons of Israel: I am the Lord who will lead you away from the work house of the Egyptians, and rescue you from servitude, and also redeem you with an exalted arm and great judgments.

{6:7} Et assumam vos mihi in populum, et ero vester Deus: et scietis quod ego sum Dominus Deus vester qui eduxerim vos de ergastulo Ægyptiorum:
{6:7} And I will take you to myself as my people, and I will be your God. And you will know that I am the Lord your God, who led you away from the work house of the Egyptians,

{6:8} et induxerim in terram, super quam levavi manum meam ut darem eam Abraham, Isaac, et Iacob: daboque illam vobis possidendam, ego Dominus.
{6:8} and who brought you into the land, over which I lifted up my hand in order to grant it to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. And I will grant it to you as a possession. I am the Lord.”

{6:9} Narravit ergo Moyses omnia filiis Israel: qui non acquieverunt ei propter angustiam spiritus, et opus durissimum.
{6:9} And so, Moses explained all these things to the sons of Israel, who did not agree with him, because of their anguish of spirit and very difficult work.

{6:10} Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen, dicens:
{6:10} And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:

{6:11} Ingredere, et loquere ad Pharaonem regem Ægypti, ut dimittat filios Israel de terra sua.
{6:11} “Enter and speak to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, so that he may release the sons of Israel from his land.”

{6:12} Respondit Moyses coram Domino: Ecce filii Israel non audiunt me: et quo modo audiet Pharao, præsertim cum incircumcisus sim labiis?
{6:12} Moses responded in the sight the Lord: “Behold, the sons of Israel do not listen to me. And how will Pharaoh listen to me, especially since I am of uncircumcised lips?”

{6:13} Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen et Aaron, et dedit mandatum ad filios Israel, et ad Pharaonem regem Ægypti ut educerent filios Israel de terra Ægypti.
{6:13} And the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, and he gave them a commandment for the sons of Israel, and for Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, that they should lead the sons of Israel away from the land of Egypt.

{6:14} Isti sunt principes domorum per familias suas. Filii Ruben primogeniti Israelis: Henoch et Phallu, Hesron et Charmi.
{6:14} These are the leaders of the houses by their families. The sons of Reuben, the firstborn of Israel: Hanoch and Pallu, Hezron and Carmi.

{6:15} Hæ cognationes Ruben. Filii Simeon: Iamuel et Iamin, et Ahod, et Iachin, et Soar, et Saul filius Chananitidis: hæ progenies Simeon.
{6:15} These are the kindred of Reuben. The sons of Simeon: Jemuel and Jamin, and Ohad, and Jachin, and Zohar, and Shaul, the son of a Canaanite women. These are the progeny of Simeon.

{6:16} Et hæc nomina filiorum Levi per cognationes suas: Gerson et Caath et Merari. Anni autem vitæ Levi fuerunt centum triginta septem.
{6:16} And these are the names of the sons of Levi by their kindred: Gershon, and Kohath, and Merari. Now the years of the life of Levi were one hundred and thirty-seven.

{6:17} Filii Gerson: Lobni et Semei, per cognationes suas.
{6:17} The sons of Gershon: Libni and Shimei, by their kindred.

{6:18} Filii Caath: Amram, et Isaar, et Hebron et Oziel. Anni quoque vitæ Caath, centum triginta tres.
{6:18} The sons of Kohath: Amram, and Izhar, and Hebron and Uzziel. Likewise, the years of the life of Kohath were one hundred and thirty-three.

{6:19} Filii Merari: Moholi et Musi. Hæ cognationes Levi per familias suas.
{6:19} The sons of Merari: Mahli and Mushi. These are the kindred of Levi by their families.

{6:20} Accepit autem Amram uxorem Iochabed patruelem suam: quæ peperit ei Aaron et Moysen. Fueruntque anni vitæ Amram, centum triginta septem.
{6:20} Now Amram took as a wife Jochebed, his paternal aunt, who bore for him Aaron and Moses. And the years of the life of Amram were one hundred and thirty-seven.

{6:21} Filii quoque Isaar: Core, et Nepheg, et Zechri.
{6:21} Likewise, the sons of Izhar: Korah, and Nepheg, and Zichri.

{6:22} Filii quoque Oziel: Misael, et Elisaphan et Sethri.
{6:22} Likewise, the sons of Uzziel: Mishael, and Elzaphan, and Sithri.

{6:23} Accepit autem Aaron uxorem Elisabeth filiam Aminadab, sororem Nahason, quæ peperit ei Nadab, et Abiu, et Eleazar, et Ithamar.
{6:23} Now Aaron took as a wife Elizabeth, the daughter of Amminadab, sister of Nahshon, who bore for him Nadab, and Abihu, and Eleazar, and Ithamar.

{6:24} Filii quoque Core: Aser, et Elcana, et Abiasaph. Hæ sunt cognationes Coritarum.
{6:24} Likewise, the sons of Korah: Assir, and Elkanah, and Abiasaph. These are the kindred of the Korahites.

{6:25} At vero Eleazar filius Aaron accepit uxorem de filiabus Phutiel: quæ peperit ei Phinees. Hi sunt principes familiarum Leviticarum per cognationes suas.
{6:25} And truly Eleazar, the son of Aaron, took a wife from the daughters of Putiel. And she bore him Phinehas. These are the heads of the Levitical families by their kindred.

{6:26} Iste est Aaron et Moyses, quibus præcepit Dominus ut educerent filios Israel de Terra Ægypti per turmas suas.
{6:26} These are Aaron and Moses, whom the Lord instructed to lead the sons of Israel away from the land of Egypt by their companies.

{6:27} Hi sunt, qui loquuntur ad Pharaonem regem Ægypti, ut educant filios Israel de Ægypto: iste est Moyses et Aaron,
{6:27} These are those who speak to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, in order to lead the sons of Israel out of Egypt. These are Moses and Aaron,

{6:28} in die qua locutus est Dominus ad Moysen, in Terra Ægypti.
{6:28} in the day when the Lord spoke to Moses in the land of Egypt.

{6:29} Et locutus est Dominus ad Moysen, dicens: Ego Dominus: loquere ad Pharaonem regem Ægypti, omnia quæ ego loquor tibi.
{6:29} And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: “I am the Lord. Speak to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, all that I speak to you.”

{6:30} Et ait Moyses coram Domino: En incircumcisus labiis sum, quo modo audiet me Pharao?
{6:30} And Moses said in the sight of the Lord: “Lo, I am of uncircumcised lips, how will Pharaoh listen to me?”

[Exodus 7]
[Exodus 7]

{7:1} Dixitque Dominus ad Moysen: Ecce constitui te deum Pharaonis: et Aaron frater tuus erit propheta tuus.
{7:1} And the Lord said to Moses: “Behold, I have appointed you as the god of Pharaoh. And Aaron, your brother, will be your prophet.

{7:2} Tu loqueris ei omnia quæ mando tibi: et ille loquetur ad Pharaonem, ut dimittat filios Israel de terra sua.
{7:2} You will speak to him all that I command you. And he will speak to Pharaoh, so that he may release the sons of Israel from his land.

{7:3} Sed ego indurabo cor eius, et multiplicabo signa et ostenta mea in Terra Ægypti,
{7:3} But I will harden his heart, and I will multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt,

{7:4} et non audiet vos: immittamque manum meam super Ægyptum, et educam exercitum et populum meum filios Israel de Terra Ægypti per iudicia maxima.
{7:4} and he will not listen to you. And I will send my hand over Egypt, and I will lead my army and my people, the sons of Israel, from the land of Egypt, through very great judgments.

{7:5} Et scient Ægyptii quia ego sum Dominus qui extenderim manum meam super Ægyptum, et eduxerim filios Israel de medio eorum.
{7:5} And the Egyptians will know that I am the Lord, who has extended my hand over Egypt, and who has led the sons of Israel from their midst.”

{7:6} Fecit itaque Moyses et Aaron sicut præceperat Dominus: ita egerunt.
{7:6} And so, Moses and Aaron did just as the Lord had instructed. And so it was done.

{7:7} Erat autem Moyses octoginta annorum, et Aaron octoginta trium, quando locuti sunt ad Pharaonem.
{7:7} Now Moses was eighty years old, and Aaron eighty-three, when they spoke to Pharaoh.

{7:8} Dixitque Dominus ad Moysen et Aaron:
{7:8} And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron:

{7:9} Cum dixerit vobis Pharao, Ostendite signa: dices ad Aaron: Tolle virgam tuam, et proiice eam coram Pharaone, ac vertetur in colubrum.
{7:9} “When Pharaoh will say to you, ‘Show signs,’ you shall say to Aaron, ‘Take your staff, and cast it down before Pharaoh, and it will be turned into a snake.’ ”

{7:10} Ingressi itaque Moyses et Aaron ad Pharaonem, fecerunt sicut præceperat Dominus. tulitque Aaron virgam coram Pharaone et servis eius, quæ versa est in colubrum.
{7:10} And so Moses and Aaron entered to Pharaoh, and they did just as the Lord had commanded. And Aaron took the staff in the sight of Pharaoh and his servants, and it was turned into a snake.

~ This passage uses ‘colubrum’ as opposed to the use of ‘serpens’ in Genesis.

{7:11} Vocavit autem Pharao sapientes et maleficos: et fecerunt etiam ipsi per incantationes Ægyptiacas et arcana quædam similiter.
{7:11} Then Pharaoh called the wise men and the sorcerers. And they also, by Egyptian incantations and certain secrets, did similarly.

~ The word ‘maleficos’ refers to ancient sorcerers or magicians, but it also implies that they were evil, using ‘black magic’ or the like. So Pharaoh called in those who were wise, and even those who were evil doers, he did not care which.

{7:12} Proieceruntque singuli virgas suas, quæ versæ sunt in dracones: sed devoravit virga Aaron virgas eorum.
{7:12} And each one cast down their staffs, and they were turned into serpents. But the staff of Aaron devoured their staffs.

{7:13} Induratumque est cor Pharaonis, et non audivit eos, sicut præceperat Dominus.
{7:13} And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had instructed.

{7:14} Dixit autem Dominus ad Moysen: Ingravatum est cor Pharaonis, non vult dimittere populum.
{7:14} Then the Lord said to Moses: “The heart of Pharaoh has been hardened; he is not willing to release the people.

{7:15} Vade ad eum mane, ecce egredietur ad aquas: et stabis in occursum eius super ripam fluminis: et virgam, quæ conversa est in draconem, tolles in manu tua.
{7:15} Go to him in the morning; behold, he will go out to the waters. And you will stand to meet him above the bank of the river. And you will take, in your hand, the staff that was turned into a serpent.

{7:16} Dicesque ad eum: Dominus Deus Hebræorum misit me ad te, dicens: Dimitte populum meum ut sacrificet mihi in deserto: et usque ad præsens audire noluisti.
{7:16} And you will say to him: ‘The Lord God of the Hebrews sent me to you, saying: Release my people in order to sacrifice to me in the desert. And even until the present time, you were not willing to listen.

{7:17} Hæc igitur dicit Dominus: In hoc scies quod sim Dominus: ecce percutiam virga, quæ in manu mea est, aquam fluminis, et vertetur in sanguinem.
{7:17} Therefore, thus says the Lord: In this you will know that I am the Lord. Behold, I will strike, with the staff that is in my hand, the water of the river, and it will be turned into blood.

{7:18} Pisces quoque, qui sunt in fluvio, morientur, et computrescent aquæ, et affligentur Ægyptii bibentes aquam fluminis.
{7:18} Also, the fishes that are in the river will die, and the waters will be polluted, and the Egyptians will be afflicted when they drink the water of the river.’ ”

{7:19} Dixit quoque Dominus ad Moysen: Dic ad Aaron, Tolle virgam tuam, et extende manum tuam super aquas Ægypti, et super fluvios eorum, et rivos ac paludes, et omnes lacus aquarum, ut vertantur in sanguinem: et sit cruor in omni Terra Ægypti, tam in ligneis vasis quam in saxeis.
{7:19} The Lord also said to Moses: “Say to Aaron: ‘Take your staff; and extend your hand over the waters of Egypt, and over their rivers and streams and marshes and all the pools of waters, so that they may be turned into blood. And let there be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, as much in vessels of wood as in those of stone.’ ”

{7:20} Feceruntque Moyses et Aaron sicut præceperat Dominus: et elevans virgam percussit aquam fluminis coram Pharaone et servis eius: quæ versa est in sanguinem.
{7:20} And Moses and Aaron did just as the Lord had instructed. And lifting up the staff, he struck the water of the river in the sight of Pharaoh and his servants. And it was turned into blood.

{7:21} Et pisces, qui erant in flumine, mortui sunt: computruitque fluvius, et non poterant Ægyptii bibere aquam fluminis, et fuit sanguis in tota Terra Ægypti.
{7:21} And the fishes that were in the river died, and the river was polluted, and the Egyptians were not able to drink the water of the river, and there was blood throughout the entire land of Egypt.

{7:22} Feceruntque similiter malefici Ægyptiorum incantationibus suis: et induratum est cor Pharaonis, nec audivit eos, sicut præceperat Dominus.
{7:22} And the sorcerers of the Egyptians, with their incantations, did similarly. And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had instructed.

{7:23} Avertitque se, et ingressus est domum suam, nec apposuit cor etiam hac vice.
{7:23} And he turned himself away, and he entered his house, neither did he apply his heart to this turn of events.

{7:24} Foderunt autem omnes Ægyptii per circuitum fluminis aquam ut biberent: non enim poterant bibere de aqua fluminis.
{7:24} Then all the Egyptians dug along the borders of the river for water to drink. For they were not able to drink from the water of the river.

{7:25} Impletique sunt septem dies, postquam percussit Dominus fluvium.
{7:25} And seven days were completed, after the Lord struck the river.

[Exodus 8]
[Exodus 8]

{8:1} Dixit quoque Dominus ad Moysen: Ingredere ad Pharaonem, et dices ad eum: Hæc dicit Dominus: Dimitte populum meum, ut sacrificet mihi:
{8:1} The Lord also said to Moses: “Enter to Pharaoh, and you will say to him: ‘Thus says the Lord: Release my people in order to sacrifice to me.

{8:2} sin autem nolueris dimittere, ecce ego percutiam omnes terminos tuos ranis.
{8:2} But if you are not willing to release them, behold, I will strike all your coasts with frogs.

{8:3} Et ebulliet fluvius ranis: quæ ascendent, et ingredientur domum tuam, et cubiculum lectuli tui, et super stratum tuum, et in domos servorum tuorum, et in populum tuum, et in furnos tuos, et in reliquias ciborum tuorum:
{8:3} And the river will seethe with frogs, which will go up and enter into your house, and your bedroom, and upon your bed, and into the houses of your servants and your people, and into your ovens, and into the remains of your foods.

{8:4} et ad te, et ad populum tuum, et ad omnes servos tuos intrabunt ranæ.
{8:4} And to you, and to your people, and to all your servants, the frogs will enter.’ ”

{8:5} Dixitque Dominus ad Moysen: Dic ad Aaron: Extende manum tuam super fluvios ac super rivos et paludes, et educ ranas super Terram Ægypti.
{8:5} And the Lord said to Moses: “Say to Aaron: ‘Extend your hand over the rivers, and also over the streams and the marshes, and bring forth frogs over the land of Egypt.’ ”

{8:6} Et extendit Aaron manum super aquas Ægypti, et ascenderunt ranæ, operueruntque Terram Ægypti.
{8:6} And Aaron extended his hand over the waters of Egypt, and the frogs came up and covered the land of Egypt.

{8:7} Fecerunt autem et malefici per incantationes suas similiter, eduxeruntque ranas super Terram Ægypti.
{8:7} Then the sorcerers also, by their incantations, did similarly, and they brought forth frogs upon the land of Egypt.

{8:8} Vocavit autem Pharao Moysen et Aaron, et dixit eis: Orate Dominum ut auferat ranas a me et a populo meo: et dimittam populum ut sacrificet Domino.
{8:8} But Pharaoh called Moses and Aaron, and he said to them: “Pray to the Lord, so as to take away the frogs from me and from my people. And I will release the people, so as to sacrifice to the Lord.”

{8:9} Dixitque Moyses ad Pharaonem: Constitue mihi quando deprecer pro te, et pro servis tuis, et pro populo tuo, ut abigantur ranæ a te et a domo tua et a servis tuis et a populo tuo: et tantum in flumine remaneant.
{8:9} And Moses said to Pharaoh: “Appoint for me a time, when I should petition on behalf of you, and your servants, and your people, so that the frogs may be driven away from you, and from your house, and from your servants, and from your people, and so that they may remain only in the river.”

{8:10} Qui respondit: Cras. At ille: Iuxta, inquit, verbum tuum faciam: ut scias quoniam non est sicut Dominus Deus noster.
{8:10} And he responded, “Tomorrow.” Then he said, “I will act according to your word, so that you may know that there is no one like the Lord our God.

{8:11} Et recedent ranæ a te, et a domo tua, et a servis tuis, et a populo tuo: et tantum in flumine remanebunt.
{8:11} And the frogs will withdraw from you, and from your house, and from your servants, and from your people. And they will remain only in the river.”

{8:12} Egressique sunt Moyses et Aaron a Pharaone: et clamavit Moyses ad Dominum pro sponsione ranarum quam condixerat Pharaoni.
{8:12} And Moses and Aaron departed from Pharaoh. And Moses cried out to the Lord on behalf of the promise that he had made to Pharaoh concerning the frogs.

{8:13} Fecitque Dominus iuxta verbum Moysi: et mortuæ sunt ranæ de domibus, et de villis, et de agris.
{8:13} And the Lord acted according to the word of Moses. And the frogs died out of the houses, and out of the villages, and out of the fields.

{8:14} Congregaveruntque eas in immensos aggeres, et computruit terra.
{8:14} And they gathered them together into immense piles, and the land was polluted.

{8:15} Videns autem Pharao quod data esset requies, ingravavit cor suum, et non audivit eos, sicut præceperat Dominus.
{8:15} Then Pharaoh, seeing that relief had been provided, hardened his own heart, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had instructed.

{8:16} Dixitque Dominus ad Moysen: Loquere ad Aaron: Extende virgam tuam, et percute pulverem terræ: et sint sciniphes in universa Terra Ægypti.
{8:16} And the Lord said to Moses: “Say to Aaron: ‘Extend your staff and strike the dust of the earth. And let there be stinging insects throughout the entire the land of Egypt.’ ”

~ The word ‘sciniphes’ refers to a type of stinging insect. It is often translated somewhat inaccurately as ‘gnats.’

{8:17} Feceruntque ita. Et extendit Aaron manum, virgam tenens: percussitque pulverem terræ, et facti sunt sciniphes in hominibus, et in iumentis: omnis pulvis terræ versus est in sciniphes per totam Terram Ægypti.
{8:17} And they did so. And Aaron extended his hand, holding the staff, and he struck the dust of the earth, and there came stinging insects upon men and upon beasts. All the dust of the earth was turned into stinging insects through all the land of Egypt.

{8:18} Feceruntque similiter malefici incantationibus suis, ut educerent sciniphes, et non potuerunt: erantque sciniphes tam in hominibus quam in iumentis.
{8:18} And the sorcerers, with their incantations, did similarly, in order to bring forth stinging insects, but they were not able. And there were stinging insects, as much on men as on beasts.

{8:19} Et dixerunt malefici ad Pharaonem: Digitus Dei est hic. Induratumque est cor Pharaonis, et non audivit eos sicut præceperat Dominus.
{8:19} And the sorcerers said to Pharaoh: “This is the finger of God.” And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had instructed.

{8:20} Dixit quoque Dominus ad Moysen: Consurge diluculo, et sta coram Pharaone: egredietur enim ad aquas: et dices ad eum: Hæc dicit Dominus: Dimitte populum meum ut sacrificet mihi.
{8:20} The Lord also said to Moses: “Arise at first light, and stand in the sight of Pharaoh, for he will go out to the waters. And you will say to him: ‘Thus says the Lord: Release my people to sacrifice to me.

{8:21} Quod si non dimiseris eum, ecce ego immittam in te, et in servos tuos, et in populum tuum, et in domos tuas omne genus muscarum: et implebuntur domus Ægyptiorum muscis diversi generis, et universa terra in qua fuerint.
{8:21} But if you will not release them, behold, I will send upon you, and upon your servants, and upon your people, and into your houses, diverse kinds of flies. And the houses of the Egyptians will be filled with diverse kinds of flies, as well as the whole land in which they will be.

{8:22} Faciamque mirabilem in die illa Terram Gessen, in qua populus meus est, ut non sint ibi muscæ: et scias quoniam ego Dominus in medio terræ.
{8:22} And in that day, I will cause a miracle in the land of Goshen, where my people are, so that flies will not be there. And you will know that I am the Lord in the midst of the earth.

{8:23} Ponamque divisionem inter populum meum, et populum tuum: cras erit signum istud.
{8:23} And I will set a division between my people and your people. Tomorrow this sign will be.’ ”

{8:24} Fecitque Dominus ita. Et venit musca gravissima in domos Pharaonis et servorum eius, et in omnem Terram Ægypti: corruptaque est terra ab huiuscemodi muscis.
{8:24} And the Lord did so. And there came very grievous flies into the houses of Pharaoh and of his servants, and into all the land of Egypt. And the land was polluted, in this way, by the flies.

{8:25} Vocavitque Pharao Moysen et Aaron, et ait eis: Ite et sacrificate Deo vestro in terra hac.
{8:25} And Pharaoh called Moses and Aaron, and he said to them, “Go and sacrifice to your God in this land.”

{8:26} Et ait Moyses: Non potest ita fieri: abominationes enim Ægyptiorum immolabimus Domino Deo nostro: quod si mactaverimus ea quæ colunt Ægyptii coram eis, lapidibus nos obruent.
{8:26} And Moses said: “It cannot be so. For we will immolate the abominations of the Egyptians to the Lord our God. For if we slaughter those things which the Egyptians worship, in their presence, they will stone us.

{8:27} Viam trium dierum pergemus in solitudinem: et sacrificabimus Domino Deo nostro, sicut præcepit nobis.
{8:27} We will sojourn three days’ journey into the wilderness. And we will sacrifice to the Lord our God, just as he has instructed us.”

{8:28} Dixitque Pharao: Ego dimittam vos ut sacrificetis Domino Deo vestro in deserto: verumtamen longius ne abeatis, rogate pro me.
{8:28} And Pharaoh said: “I will release you in order to sacrifice to the Lord your God in the desert. Yet you may only go so far. Petition for me.”

{8:29} At ait Moyses: Egressus a te, orabo Dominum: et recedet musca a Pharaone, et a servis suis, et a populo eius cras: verumtamen noli ultra fallere, ut non dimittas populum sacrificare Domino.
{8:29} And Moses said: “After departing from you, I will pray to the Lord. And the flies will withdraw from Pharaoh, and from his servants, and from his people, tomorrow. Yet do not be willing to deceive any longer, so that you would not release the people to sacrifice to the Lord.”

{8:30} Egressusque Moyses a Pharaone, oravit Dominum.
{8:30} And Moses, departing from Pharaoh, prayed to the Lord.

{8:31} Qui fecit iuxta verbum illius: et abstulit muscas a Pharaone, et a servis suis, et a populo eius: non superfuit ne una quidem.
{8:31} And he acted according to his word. And he took away the flies from Pharaoh, and from his servants, and from his people. There was not even one left behind.

{8:32} Et ingravatum est cor Pharaonis, ita ut nec hac quidem vice dimitteret populum.
{8:32} And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, so that, even at this turn, he would not release the people.

[Exodus 9]
[Exodus 9]

{9:1} Dixit autem Dominus ad Moysen: Ingredere ad Pharaonem, et loquere ad eum: Hæc dicit Dominus Deus Hebræorum: Dimitte populum meum ut sacrificet mihi.
{9:1} Then the Lord said to Moses: “Enter to Pharaoh, and say to him: ‘Thus says the Lord God of the Hebrews: Release my people, to sacrifice to me.

{9:2} Quod si adhuc renuis, et retines eos:
{9:2} But if you still refuse, and you retain them,

{9:3} ecce manus mea erit super agros tuos: et super equos, et asinos, et camelos, et boves, et oves, pestis valde gravis.
{9:3} behold, my hand will be over your fields. And a very grievous pestilence will be upon the horses, and the donkeys, and the camels, and the oxen, and the sheep.

{9:4} Et faciet Dominus mirabile inter possessiones Israel, et possessiones Ægyptiorum, ut nihil omnino pereat ex eis quæ pertinent ad filios Israel.
{9:4} And the Lord will cause a miracle between the possessions of Israel and the possessions of the Egyptians, so that nothing at all will perish from those things which belong to the sons of Israel.”

{9:5} Constituitque Dominus tempus, dicens: Cras faciet Dominus verbum istud in terra.
{9:5} And the Lord appointed a time, saying: “Tomorrow, the Lord will accomplish this word in the land.”

{9:6} Fecit ergo Dominus verbum hoc altera die: mortuaque sunt omnia animantia Ægyptiorum: de animalibus vero filiorum Israel nihil omnino periit.
{9:6} Therefore, the Lord accomplished this word the next day. And all the animals of the Egyptians died. Yet truly, of the animals of the sons of Israel, nothing at all perished.

{9:7} Et misit Pharao ad videndum: nec erat quidquam mortuum de his quæ possidebat Israel. Ingravatumque est cor Pharaonis, et non dimisit populum.
{9:7} And Pharaoh sent to see; neither was there anything dead of those things that Israel possessed. And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not release the people.

{9:8} Et dixit Dominus ad Moysen, et Aaron: Tollite plenas manus cineris de camino, et spargat illum Moyses in cælum coram Pharaone.
{9:8} And the Lord said to Moses and to Aaron: “Take handfuls of ashes from the oven, and let Moses sprinkle it into the air, in the sight of Pharaoh.

{9:9} Sitque pulvis super omnem Terram Ægypti: erunt enim in hominibus, et iumentis ulcera, et vesicæ turgentes in universa terra Ægypti.
{9:9} And let there be dust upon all the land of Egypt. For there will be sores and swelling pustules on men and on beasts, throughout the entire land of Egypt.”

{9:10} Tuleruntque cinerem de camino, et steterunt coram Pharaone, et sparsit illum Moyses in cælum: factaque sunt ulcera vesicarum turgentium in hominibus, et iumentis:
{9:10} And they took ashes from the oven, and they stood in the sight of Pharaoh, and Moses sprinkled it in the air. And there came sores with swelling pustules on men and on beasts.

{9:11} nec poterant malefici stare coram Moyse propter ulcera quæ in illis erant, et in omni Terra Ægypti:
{9:11} Neither could the sorcerers stand in the sight of Moses, because of the sores that were on them and on all the land of Egypt.

{9:12} Induravitque Dominus cor Pharaonis, et non audivit eos, sicut locutus est Dominus ad Moysen.
{9:12} And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord said to Moses.

{9:13} Dixitque Dominus ad Moysen: Mane consurge, et sta coram Pharaone, et dices ad eum: Hæc dicit Dominus Deus Hebræorum: Dimitte populum meum ut sacrificet mihi.
{9:13} And the Lord said to Moses: “Rise up in the morning, and stand in the sight of Pharaoh, and you will say to him: ‘Thus says the Lord God of the Hebrews: Release my people to sacrifice to me.

{9:14} Quia in hac vice mittam omnes plagas meas super cor tuum, et super servos tuos, et super populum tuum: ut scias quod non sit similis mei in omni terra.
{9:14} For at this turn, I will send all my plagues upon your heart, and upon your servants, and upon your people. So may you know that there is no one like me in all the earth.

{9:15} Nunc enim extendens manum percutiam te, et populum tuum peste, peribisque de terra.
{9:15} For now, extending my hand, I shall strike you and your people with pestilence, and you will perish from the earth.

{9:16} Idcirco autem posui te, ut ostendam in te fortitudinem meam, et narretur nomen meum in omni terra.
{9:16} But it was for this reason that I appointed you, so that I may reveal my strength by you, and so that my name may be described throughout all the earth.

{9:17} Adhuc retines populum meum: et non vis dimittere eum?
{9:17} Do you still retain my people, and are you still unwilling to release them?

{9:18} En pluam cras hac ipsa hora grandinem multam nimis, qualis non fuit in Ægypto a die qua fundata est, usque in præsens tempus.
{9:18} So then, tomorrow, at this same hour, I will rain down exceedingly great hail, such as has not been in Egypt from the day that it was founded, even until this present time.

{9:19} Mitte ergo iam nunc, et congrega iumenta tua, et omnia quæ habes in agro: homines enim, et iumenta, et universa quæ inventa fuerint foris, nec congregata de agris, cecideritque super ea grando, morientur.
{9:19} Therefore, send immediately and gather together your cattle, and all that you have in the field. For men and beasts, and all things that will be found outside, not gathered in from the fields, and on which the hail will fall, shall die.’ ”

{9:20} Qui timuit verbum Domini de servis Pharaonis, facit confugere servos suos, et iumenta in domos:
{9:20} He who feared the word of the Lord among the servants of Pharaoh caused his servants and cattle to flee together into the houses.

{9:21} qui autem neglexit sermonem Domini, dimisit servos suos, et iumenta in agris.
{9:21} But he who neglected the word of the Lord released his servants and cattle into the fields.

{9:22} Et dixit Dominus ad Moysen: Extende manum tuam in cælum, ut fiat grando in universa Terra Ægypti super homines, et super iumenta, et super omnem herbam agri in Terra Ægypti.
{9:22} And the Lord said to Moses: “Extend your hand into the sky, so that there may be hail in the entire land of Egypt, on men, and on beasts, and on every plant of the field in the land of Egypt.”

{9:23} Extenditque Moyses virgam in cælum, et Dominus dedit tonitrua, et grandinem, ac discurrentia fulgura super terram: pluitque Dominus grandinem super Terram Ægypti.
{9:23} And Moses extended his staff into the sky, and the Lord sent thunder and hail, and also lightning dashing across the earth. And the Lord rained down hail upon the land of Egypt.

{9:24} Et grando et ignis mista pariter ferebantur: tantæque fuit magnitudinis, quanta ante numquam apparuit in universa Terra Ægypti ex quo gens illa condita est.
{9:24} And the hail and intermingled fire drove on together. And it was of such magnitude as had never before been seen in the entire land of Egypt, from the time when that nation was formed.

{9:25} Et percussit grando in omni Terra Ægypti cuncta quæ fuerunt in agris, ab homine usque ad iumentum: cunctamque herbam agri percussit grando, et omne lignum regionis confregit.
{9:25} And the hail struck, throughout all the land of Egypt, everything that was in the fields, from man even to beast. And the hail struck down every plant of the field, and it broke every tree of the region.

{9:26} Tantum in Terra Gessen, ubi erant filii Israel, grando non cecidit.
{9:26} Only in the land of Goshen, where the sons of Israel were, did the hail not fall.

{9:27} Misitque Pharao, et vocavit Moysen et Aaron, dicens ad eos: Peccavi etiam nunc: Dominus iustus: ego et populus meus, impii.
{9:27} And Pharaoh sent and called Moses and Aaron, saying to them: “I have sinned even until now. The Lord is just. I and my people are impious.

{9:28} Orate Dominum ut desinant tonitrua Dei, et grando: ut dimittam vos, et nequaquam hic ultra maneatis.
{9:28} Pray to the Lord, so that the thundering of God and the hail may cease, so that I may release you, and so that you may by no means remain here any longer.”

{9:29} Ait Moyses: Cum egressus fuero de urbe, extendam palmas meas ad Dominum, et cessabunt tonitrua, et grando non erit: ut scias quia Domini est terra:
{9:29} Moses said: “When I have departed from the city, I will extend my hands to the Lord, and the thunders will cease, and the hail will not be, so that you may know that the earth belongs to the Lord.

{9:30} novi autem quod et tu, et servi tui necdum timeatis Dominum Deum.
{9:30} But I know that both you and your servants do not yet fear the Lord God.”

{9:31} Linum ergo, et hordeum læsum est, eo quod hordeum esset virens, et linum iam folliculos germinaret:
{9:31} And so, the flax and the barley were damaged, because the barley was growing, and the flax was already developing grains.

{9:32} triticum autem, et far non sunt læsa, quia serotina erant.
{9:32} But the wheat and the spelt were not damaged, because they were late.

{9:33} Egressusque Moyses a Pharaone ex urbe, tetendit manus ad Dominum: et cessaverunt tonitrua et grando, nec ultra stillavit pluvia super terram.
{9:33} And Moses, departing from Pharaoh out of the city, reached out his hands toward the Lord. And the thunders and hail ceased, neither did there drop any more rain upon the land.

{9:34} Videns autem Pharao quod cessasset pluvia, et grando et tonitrua, auxit peccatum:
{9:34} Then Pharaoh, seeing that the rain, and the hail, and the thunders had ceased, added to his sin.

{9:35} et ingravatum est cor eius, et servorum illius, et induratum nimis: nec dimisit filios Israel, sicut præceperat Dominus per manum Moysi.
{9:35} And his heart was weighed down, along with that of his servants, and it was hardened exceedingly. Neither did he release the sons of Israel, just as the Lord had instructed by the hand of Moses.

[Exodus 10]
[Exodus 10]

{10:1} Et dixit Dominus ad Moysen: Ingredere ad Pharaonem: ego enim induravi cor eius, et servorum illius: ut faciam signa mea hæc in eo,
{10:1} And the Lord said to Moses: “Enter to Pharaoh. For I have hardened his heart, and that of his servants, so that I may accomplish these, my signs, in him,

{10:2} et narres in auribus filii tui, et nepotum tuorum, quoties contriverim Ægyptios, et signa mea fecerim in eis: et sciatis quia ego Dominus.
{10:2} and so that you may describe to the ears of your sons and your grandsons how often I opposed the Egyptians and wrought my signs among them, and so that you may know that I am the Lord.”

{10:3} Introierunt ergo Moyses et Aaron ad Pharaonem, et dixerunt ei: Hæc dicit Dominus Deus Hebræorum: Usquequo non vis subiici mihi? Dimitte populum meum, ut sacrificet mihi.
{10:3} Therefore, Moses and Aaron entered to Pharaoh, and they said to him: “Thus says the Lord God of the Hebrews: How long will you be unwilling to be subject to me? Release my people to sacrifice to me.

{10:4} Sin autem resistis, et non vis dimittere eum: ecce ego inducam cras locustam in fines tuos:
{10:4} But if you resist, and you are unwilling to release them, behold, tomorrow I will bring locusts into your borders.

~ Note that ‘fines’ is used here to mean ‘parts,’ not ‘ends,’ just as in some of the Psalms (e.g. Psalm 4:1).

{10:5} quæ operiat superficiem terræ, ne quidquam eius appareat, sed comedatur quod residuum fuerit grandini. Corrodet enim omnia ligna quæ germinant in agris.
{10:5} And they shall cover the face of the earth, lest any part of it be seen. Yes, and what remains from the hail shall be eaten. For they will gnaw away all the trees that spring up in the fields.

{10:6} Et implebunt domos tuas, et servorum tuorum, et omnium Ægyptiorum: quantam non viderunt patres tui, et avi, ex quo orti sunt super terram, usque in præsentem diem. Avertitque se, et egressus est a Pharaone.
{10:6} And they will fill your houses, and those of your servants and of all the Egyptians: so many as your fathers and ancestors have not seen, from the time that they rose up over the earth, even until this present day.” And he turned himself away, and he departed from Pharaoh.

{10:7} Dixerunt autem servi Pharaonis ad eum: Usquequo patiemur hoc scandalum: dimitte homines, ut sacrificent Domino Deo suo. Nonne vides quod perierit Ægyptus?
{10:7} Then the servants of Pharaoh said to him: “How long must we endure this scandal? Release the men, in order to sacrifice to the Lord their God. Do you not see that Egypt is perishing?”

{10:8} Revocaveruntque Moysen, et Aaron ad Pharaonem: qui dixit eis: Ite, sacrificate Domino Deo vestro: quinam sunt qui ituri sunt?
{10:8} And they called back Moses and Aaron to Pharaoh, who said to them: “Go, sacrifice to the Lord your God. Who are they who would go?”

{10:9} Ait Moyses: Cum parvulis nostris, et senioribus pergemus, cum filiis et filiabus, cum ovibus et armentis: est enim sollemnitas Domini Dei nostri.
{10:9} Moses said: “We will travel with our little ones and our elderly, with our sons and daughters, with our sheep and herds. For it is a solemnity of the Lord our God.”

{10:10} Et respondit Pharao: Sic Dominus sit vobiscum, quo modo ego dimittam vos, et parvulos vestros, cui dubium est quod pessime cogitetis?
{10:10} And Pharaoh responded: “So let the Lord be with you. But if I were to release you and your little ones, who would doubt that you intend some great wickedness?

{10:11} Non fiet ita, sed ite tantum viri, et sacrificate Domino: hoc enim et ipsi petistis. Statimque eiecti sunt de conspectu Pharaonis.
{10:11} It will not be so. However, go only with the men, and sacrifice to the Lord. For this, too, is what you yourselves requested.” And immediately they were cast out from the sight of Pharaoh.

{10:12} Dixit autem Dominus ad Moysen: Extende manum tuam super Terram Ægypti ad locustam, ut ascendat super eam, et devoret omnem herbam quæ residua fuerit grandini.
{10:12} Then the Lord said to Moses: “Extend your hand over the land of Egypt, toward the locusts, so that they may rise up over it, and devour every plant which remains from the hail.”

{10:13} Et extendit Moyses virgam super terram Ægypti: et Dominus induxit ventum urentem tota die illa, et nocte: et mane facto, ventus urens levavit locustas.
{10:13} And Moses extended his staff over the land of Egypt. And the Lord brought a burning wind all that day and night. And when morning came, the burning wind lifted up the locusts.

{10:14} Quæ ascenderunt super universam Terram Ægypti: et sederunt in cunctis finibus Ægyptiorum innumerabiles, quales ante illud tempus non fuerant, nec postea futuræ sunt.
{10:14} And they ascended over the entire land of Egypt. And they settled into all the parts of the Egyptians: innumerable, such as had not been before that time, nor ever would be thereafter.

{10:15} Operueruntque universam superficiem terræ, vastantes omnia. Devorata est igitur herba terræ, et quidquid pomorum in arboribus fuit, quæ grando dimiserat: nihilque omnino virens relictum est in lignis, et in herbis terræ, in cuncta Ægypto.
{10:15} And they covered the entire face of the land, laying waste to all things. And the plants of the land were devoured, along with whatever fruits were on the trees, which the hail had left behind. And nothing at all of the greenery remained on the trees or on the plants of the earth in all of Egypt.

{10:16} Quam ob rem festinus Pharao vocavit Moysen et Aaron, et dixit eis: Peccavi in Dominum Deum vestrum, et in vos.
{10:16} For this reason, Pharaoh hurriedly called Moses and Aaron, and he said to them: “I have sinned against the Lord your God, and against you.

{10:17} Sed nunc dimittite peccatum mihi etiam hac vice, et rogate Dominum Deum vestrum, ut auferat a me mortem istam.
{10:17} But now, release me from my sin even this time, and petition the Lord your God, so that he may take this death away from me.”

{10:18} Egressusque Moyses de conspectu Pharaonis, oravit Dominum.
{10:18} And Moses, departing from the sight of Pharaoh, prayed to the Lord.

{10:19} Qui flare fecit ventum ab occidente vehementissimum, et arreptam locustam proiecit in Mare Rubrum: non remansit ne una quidem in cunctis finibus Ægypti.
{10:19} And he caused a very strong wind to blow from the west, and, seizing the locusts, it cast them into the Red Sea. There remained not so much as one in all the parts of Egypt.

{10:20} Et induravit Dominus cor Pharaonis, nec dimisit filios Israel.
{10:20} And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh; neither did he release the sons of Israel.

{10:21} Dixit autem Dominus ad Moysen: Extende manum tuam in cælum: et sint tenebræ super Terram Ægypti tam densæ, ut palpari queant.
{10:21} Then the Lord said to Moses: “Extend your hand into the sky. And let there be a darkness over the land of Egypt, so dense that they may be able to feel it.”

{10:22} Extenditque Moyses manum in cælum: et factæ sunt tenebræ horribiles in universa Terra Ægypti tribus diebus.
{10:22} And Moses extended his hand into the sky. And there came a horrible darkness in the entire land of Egypt for three days.

~ This historical event was a foreshadowing of the Three Days of Darkness that will occur in late 2039 or early 2040 A.D.

{10:23} Nemo vidit fratrem suum, nec movit se de loco in quo erat: ubicumque autem habitabant filii Israel, lux erat.
{10:23} No one saw his brother, nor moved himself out of the place where he was. But wherever the sons of Israel were living, there was light.

{10:24} Vocavitque Pharao Moysen et Aaron, et dixit eis: Ite, sacrificate Domino: oves tantum vestræ, et armenta remaneant, parvuli vestri eant vobiscum.
{10:24} And Pharaoh called Moses and Aaron, and he said to them: “Go, sacrifice to the Lord. Only let your sheep and herds remain behind. Your little ones may go with you.”

{10:25} Ait Moyses: Hostias quoque et holocausta dabis nobis, quæ offeramus Domino Deo nostro.
{10:25} Moses said: “You must also permit us victims and holocausts, which we may offer to the Lord our God.

{10:26} Cuncti greges pergent nobiscum: non remanebit ex eis ungula: quæ necessaria sunt in cultum Domini Dei nostri: præsertim cum ignoremus quid debeat immolari, donec ad ipsum locum perveniamus.
{10:26} All the flocks shall travel with us. Not one hoof of them shall remain behind. For they are necessary for the worship of the Lord our God, especially since we do not know what ought to be immolated, until we arrive at the very place.”

{10:27} Induravit autem Dominus cor Pharaonis, et noluit dimittere eos.
{10:27} But the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he was not willing to release them.

{10:28} Dixitque Pharao ad Moysen: Recede a me, et cave ne ultra videas faciem meam: quocumque die apparueris mihi, morieris.
{10:28} And Pharaoh said to Moses: “Withdraw from me, and beware that you no longer see my face. On whatever day you will appear in my sight, you shall die.”

{10:29} Respondit Moyses: Ita fiet ut locutus es, non videbo ultra faciem tuam.
{10:29} Moses responded: “So be it, just as you have said. I will no longer see your face.”

[Exodus 11]
[Exodus 11]

{11:1} Et dixit Dominus ad Moysen: Adhuc una plaga tangam Pharaonem et Ægyptum, et post hæc dimittet vos, et exire compellet.
{11:1} And the Lord said to Moses: “I will touch Pharaoh and Egypt with one more plague, and after these things he will release you, and he will compel you to go out.

{11:2} Dices ergo omni plebi ut postulet vir ab amico suo, et mulier a vicina sua vasa argentea et aurea.
{11:2} Therefore, you will tell all the people to ask, a man of his friend, and a woman of her neighbor, for vessels of silver and of gold.

{11:3} Dabit autem Dominus gratiam populo suo coram Ægyptiis. Fuitque Moyses vir magnus valde in Terra Ægypti coram servis Pharaonis, et omni populo.
{11:3} Then the Lord will grant favor to his people in the sight of the Egyptians.” And Moses was a very great man in the land of Egypt, in the sight of the servants of Pharaoh and of all the people.

{11:4} Et ait: Hæc dicit Dominus: Media nocte egrediar in Ægyptum:
{11:4} And he said: “Thus says the Lord: ‘In the middle of the night I will enter into Egypt.

{11:5} et morietur omne primogenitum in Terra Ægyptiorum, a primogenito Pharaonis qui sedet in solio eius, usque ad primogenitum ancillæ quæ est ad molam, et omnia primogenita iumentorum.
{11:5} And every firstborn in the land of the Egyptians shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sits on his throne, even to the firstborn of the handmaid, who is at the millstone, and all the firstborn of the beasts of burden.

{11:6} Eritque clamor magnus in universa Terra Ægypti, qualis nec ante fuit, nec postea futurus est.
{11:6} And there will be a great outcry throughout the entire land of Egypt, such as has not been before, nor ever will be afterward.

{11:7} Apud omnes autem filios Israel non mutiet canis ab homine usque ad pecus: ut sciatis quanto miraculo dividat Dominus Ægyptios et Israel.
{11:7} But among all the sons of Israel there shall not be even a mutter from a dog, from man, even to cattle, so that you may know how miraculously the Lord divides the Egyptians from Israel.’

{11:8} Descendentque omnes servi tui isti ad me, et adorabunt me, dicentes: Egredere tu, et omnis populus qui subiectus est tibi: post hæc egrediemur.
{11:8} And all these, your servants, shall descend to me and shall reverence me, by saying: ‘Depart, you and all the people who are subject to you.’ After these things, we will depart.”

{11:9} Et exivit a Pharaone iratus nimis. Dixit autem Dominus ad Moysen: Non audiet vos Pharao ut multa signa fiant in Terra Ægypti.
{11:9} And he went out from Pharaoh exceedingly angry. Then the Lord said to Moses: “Pharaoh will not listen to you, so that many signs may be accomplished in the land of Egypt.”

{11:10} Moyses autem et Aaron fecerunt omnia ostenta quæ scripta sunt, coram Pharaone. Et induravit Dominus cor Pharaonis, nec dimisit filios Israel de terra sua.
{11:10} Now Moses and Aaron did all the wonders that are written, in the sight of Pharaoh. And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh; neither did he release the sons of Israel from his land.

[Exodus 12]
[Exodus 12]

{12:1} Dixit quoque Dominus ad Moysen, et Aaron in Terra Ægypti:
{12:1} The Lord also said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt:

{12:2} Mensis iste, vobis principium mensium: primus erit in mensibus anni.
{12:2} “This month will be for you the beginning of the months. It will be first in the months of the year.

{12:3} Loquimini ad universum cœtum filiorum Israel, et dicite eis: Decima die mensis huius tollat unusquisque agnum per familias et domos suas.
{12:3} Speak to the entire assembly of the sons of Israel, and say to them: On the tenth day of this month, let everyone take a lamb, by their families and houses.

{12:4} Sin autem minor est numerus ut sufficere possit ad vescendum agnum, assumet vicinum suum qui iunctus est domui suæ, iuxta numerum animarum quæ sufficere possunt ad esum agni.
{12:4} But if the number is less than may suffice to be able to consume the lamb, he shall accept his neighbor, who has been joined with his house according to the number of souls that may suffice to be able to eat the lamb.

{12:5} Erit autem agnus absque macula, masculus, anniculus: iuxta quem ritum tolletis et hœdum.
{12:5} And it shall be a lamb without blemish, a one year old male. According to this rite, you shall also take a young goat.

{12:6} Et servabitis eum usque ad quartam decimam diem mensis huius: immolabitque eum universa multitudo filiorum Israel ad vesperam.
{12:6} And you shall keep it until the fourteenth day of this month. And the entire multitude of the sons of Israel shall immolate it toward evening.

{12:7} Et sument de sanguine eius, ac ponent super utrumque postem, et in superliminaribus domorum, in quibus comedent illum.
{12:7} And they shall take from its blood, and place it on both the door posts and the upper threshold of the houses, in which they will consume it.

~ The word ‘superliminaribus’ is translated more literally as ‘upper threshold.’ It can also be translated as ‘lintels’ or ‘upper door posts.’

{12:8} Et edent carnes nocte illa assas igni, et azymos panes cum lactucis agrestibus.
{12:8} And that night they shall eat the flesh, roasted by fire, and unleavened bread with wild lettuce.

{12:9} Non comedetis ex eo crudum quid, nec coctum aqua, sed tantum assum igni: caput cum pedibus eius et intestinis vorabitis.
{12:9} You shall not consume anything from it raw, nor boiled in water, but only roasted by fire. You shall devour the head with its feet and entrails.

{12:10} Nec remanebit quidquam ex eo usque mane. si quid residuum fuerit, igne comburetis.
{12:10} Neither shall there remain anything from it until morning. If anything will have been left over, you shall burn it with fire.

{12:11} Sic autem comedetis illum: Renes vestros accingetis, et calceamenta habebitis in pedibus, tenentes baculos in manibus, et comedetis festinanter: est enim Phase (id est, transitus) Domini.
{12:11} Now you shall consume it in this way: You shall gird your waist, and you shall have shoes on your feet, holding staves in your hands, and you shall consume it in haste. For it is the Passover (that is, the Crossing) of the Lord.

{12:12} Et transibo per Terram Ægypti nocte illa, percutiamque omne primogenitum in Terra Ægypti ab homine usque ad pecus: et in cunctis diis Ægypti faciam iudicia, ego Dominus.
{12:12} And I will cross through the land of Egypt that night, and I will strike down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from man, even to cattle. And I will bring judgments against all the gods of Egypt. I am the Lord.

{12:13} Erit autem sanguis vobis in signum in ædibus in quibus eritis: et videbo sanguinem, et transibo vos: nec erit in vobis plaga disperdens quando percussero Terram Ægypti.
{12:13} But the blood will be for you as a sign in the buildings where you will be. And I will see the blood, and I will pass over you. And the plague will not be with you to destroy, when I strike the land of Egypt.

{12:14} Habebitis autem hunc diem in monimentum: et celebrabitis eam sollemnem Domino in generationibus vestris cultu sempiterno.
{12:14} Then you shall have this day as a memorial, and you shall celebrate it as a solemnity to the Lord, in your generations, as an everlasting devotion.

{12:15} Septem diebus azyma comedetis: in die primo non erit fermentum in domibus vestris: quicumque comederit fermentatum, peribit anima illa de Israel, a primo die usque ad diem septimum.
{12:15} For seven days, you shall eat unleavened bread. On the first day there shall be no leaven in your houses. Whoever will consume anything leavened, from the first day, even until the seventh day, that soul shall perish from Israel.

{12:16} Dies prima erit sancta atque sollemnis, et dies septima eadem festivitate venerabilis: nihil operis facietis in eis, exceptis his, quæ ad vescendum pertinent.
{12:16} The first day shall be holy and solemn, and the seventh day shall be venerated with the same festivity. You shall do no work in these days, except that which pertains to the eating.

{12:17} Et observabitis azyma: in eadem enim ipsa die educam exercitum vestrum de Terra Ægypti, et custodietis diem istum in generationes vestras ritu perpetuo.
{12:17} And you shall observe the feast of unleavened bread. For on this same day, I will lead your army out of the land of Egypt, and you shall keep this day, in your generations, as a perpetual ritual.

{12:18} Primo mense, quartadecima die mensis ad vesperam comedetis azyma usque ad diem vigesimam primam eiusdem mensis ad vesperam.
{12:18} In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, toward evening, you shall consume the unleavened bread, until the twenty-first day of the same month, toward evening.

{12:19} Septem diebus fermentum non invenietur in domibus vestris: qui comederit fermentatum, peribit anima eius de cœtu Israel, tam de advenis quam de indigenis terræ.
{12:19} For seven days, there shall not be found leaven in your houses. Whoever will eat leaven, his soul will perish from the assembly of Israel, as much with the newcomers as with the natives of the land.

{12:20} Omne fermentatum non comedetis: in cunctis habitaculis vestris edetis azyma.
{12:20} You shall not consume any leaven. In all your dwelling places, you shall eat unleavened bread.”

{12:21} Vocavit autem Moyses omnes seniores filiorum Israel, et dixit ad eos: Ite tollentes animal per familias vestras, et immolate Phase.
{12:21} Then Moses called all the elders of the sons of Israel, and he said to them: “Go, taking an animal by your families, and sacrifice the Passover.

{12:22} Fasciculumque hyssopi tingite in sanguine qui est in limine, et aspergite ex eo superliminare, et utrumque postem: nullus vestrum egrediatur ostium domus suæ usque mane.
{12:22} And dip a little bundle of hyssop in the blood which is at the entrance, and sprinkle the upper threshold with it, and both of the door posts. Let none of you go out of the door of his house until morning.

{12:23} Transibit enim Dominus percutiens Ægyptios: cumque viderit sanguinem in superliminari, et in utroque poste, transcendet ostium domus, et non sinet Percussorem ingredi domos vestras et lædere.
{12:23} For the Lord will cross through, striking the Egyptians. And when he will see the blood on the upper threshold, and on both the door posts, he will pass over the door of the house and not permit the Striker to enter into your houses or to do harm.

{12:24} Custodi verbum istud legitimum tibi et filiis tuis usque in æternum.
{12:24} You shall keep this word as a law for you and for your sons, forever.

{12:25} Cumque introieritis terram, quam Dominus daturus est vobis ut pollicitus est, observabitis ceremonias istas.
{12:25} And when you have entered into the land that the Lord will give to you, just as he has promised, you shall observe these ceremonies.

{12:26} Et cum dixerint vobis filii vestri: Quæ est ista religio?
{12:26} And when your sons will say to you, ‘What is the meaning of this religious observance?’

{12:27} dicetis eis: Victima transitus Domini est, quando transivit super domos filiorum Israel in Ægypto percutiens Ægyptios, et domos nostras liberans. Incurvatusque populus adoravit.
{12:27} You shall say to them: ‘It is the victim of the crossing of the Lord, when he passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt, striking the Egyptians, and freeing our houses.’ ” And the people, bowing down, worshipped.

{12:28} Et egressi filii Israel fecerunt sicut præceperat Dominus Moysi et Aaron.
{12:28} And the sons of Israel, departing, did just as the Lord had instructed Moses and Aaron.

{12:29} Factum est autem in noctis medio, percussit Dominus omne primogenitum in Terra Ægypti, a primogenito Pharaonis, qui in solio eius sedebat, usque ad primogenitum captivæ quæ erat in carcere, et omne primogenitum iumentorum.
{12:29} Then it happened, in the middle of the night: the Lord struck down every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sits on his throne, even to the firstborn of the captive woman who was in prison, and all the firstborn of the cattle.

{12:30} Surrexitque Pharao nocte, et omnes servi eius, cunctaque Ægyptus: et ortus est clamor magnus in Ægypto: neque enim erat domus in qua non iaceret mortuus.
{12:30} And Pharaoh rose up in the night, and all his servants, and all of Egypt. And there arose a great outcry in Egypt. For there was not a house in which no one lay dead.

{12:31} Vocatisque Pharao, Moyse, et Aaron nocte, ait: Surgite et egredimini a populo meo, vos et filii Israel: ite, immolate Domino sicut dicitis.
{12:31} And Pharaoh, calling Moses and Aaron in the night, said: “Rise up and go forth from among my people, you and the sons of Israel. Go, sacrifice to the Lord, just as you say.

{12:32} Oves vestras et armenta assumite ut petieratis, et abeuntes benedicite mihi.
{12:32} Your sheep and herds take along with you, as you requested, and as you go away, bless me.”

{12:33} Urgebantque Ægyptii populum de terra exire velociter, dicentes: Omnes moriemur.
{12:33} And the Egyptians urged the people to go away from the land quickly, saying, “We will all die.”

{12:34} Tulit igitur populus conspersam farinam antequam fermentaretur: et ligans in palliis, posuit super humeros suos.
{12:34} Therefore, the people took bread dough before it was leavened. And tying it in their cloaks, they placed it on their shoulders.

~ The phrase ‘conspersam farinam’ refers to flour sprinkled with water, i.e. bread dough that has not risen.

{12:35} Feceruntque filii Israel sicut præceperat Moyses: et petierunt ab Ægyptiis vasa argentea et aurea, vestemque plurimam.
{12:35} And the sons of Israel did just as Moses had instructed. And they petitioned the Egyptians for vessels of silver and of gold, and very many garments.

{12:36} Dominus autem dedit gratiam populo coram Ægyptiis ut commodarent eis: et spoliaverunt Ægyptios.
{12:36} Then the Lord granted favor to the people in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they bestowed on them. And they despoiled the Egyptians.

{12:37} Profectique sunt filii Israel de Ramesse in Socoth, sexcenta fere millia peditum virorum, absque parvulis.
{12:37} And the sons of Israel set out from Rameses to Soccoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides little ones.

{12:38} Sed et vulgus promiscuum innumerabile ascendit cum eis, oves et armenta et animantia diversi generis multa nimis.
{12:38} But also an innumerable mix of common people ascended with them, sheep and herds and animals of diverse kinds, exceedingly many.

~ The common people were Egyptians, who were amazed by the Hebrews and their leaders, Moses and Aaron. They followed them to Succoth, and to the Red Sea, and many even crossed the Sea with them, as is evident from Numbers, chapter 12. These were the Egyptians and others who listened to the Lord and brought their servants and cattle into the houses, so that they did not die in the hail storm. That is why they had many cattle and why they were willing to follow Moses and his people.

{12:39} Coxeruntque farinam, quam dudum de Ægypto conspersam tulerant: et fecerunt subcinericios panes azymos: neque enim poterant fermentari cogentibus exire Ægyptiis, et nullam facere sinentibus moram: nec pulmenti quidquam occurrerat præparare.
{12:39} And they baked the bread, which a little while ago they had taken out of Egypt as dough. And they made unleavened bread baked under ashes. For it was not able to be leavened, with the Egyptians compelling them to leave and not permitting them to cause any delay. Neither did they have occasion to prepare any meat.

{12:40} Habitatio autem filiorum Israel qua manserunt in Ægypto, fuit quadringentorum triginta annorum.
{12:40} Now the habitation of the sons of Israel, while they remained in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.

{12:41} Quibus expletis, eadem die egressus est omnis exercitus Domini de Terra Ægypti.
{12:41} Having been completed, on the same day all the army of the Lord departed from the land of Egypt.

{12:42} Nox ista est observabilis Domini, quando eduxit eos de Terra Ægypti: hanc observare debent omnes filii Israel in generationibus suis.
{12:42} This night is a worthy observance of the Lord, when he led them out of the land of Egypt. This all the sons of Israel must observe in their generations.

{12:43} Dixitque Dominus ad Moysen et Aaron: Hæc est religio Phase: Omnis alienigena non comedet ex eo.
{12:43} And the Lord said to Moses and to Aaron: “This is the religious observance of the Passover. No foreigner shall eat from it.

{12:44} Omnis autem servus emptitius circumcidetur, et sic comedet.
{12:44} But every bought servant shall be circumcised, and so he may eat from it.

{12:45} Advena et mercenarius non edent ex eo.
{12:45} The newcomer and the hired hand shall not eat from it.

{12:46} In una domo comedetur, nec efferetis de carnibus eius foras, nec os illius confringetis.
{12:46} In one house it shall be eaten; you shall not carry its flesh outside, nor shall you break its bone.

{12:47} Omnis cœtus filiorum Israel faciet illud.
{12:47} The entire assembly of the sons of Israel shall do this.

{12:48} Quod si quis peregrinorum in vestram voluerit transire coloniam, et facere Phase Domini, circumcidetur prius omne masculinum eius, et tunc rite celebrabit: eritque sicut indigena terræ: si quis autem circumcisus non fuerit, non vescetur ex eo.
{12:48} And if any sojourner will be willing to cross over into your settlement, and to keep the Passover of the Lord, all his males shall first be circumcised, and then he shall celebrate the rite. And he shall be just like a native of the land. But if any man is not circumcised, he shall not eat from it.

{12:49} Eadem lex erit indigenæ et colono qui peregrinatur apud vos.
{12:49} The law shall be the same for the native born and for the settler who sojourns with you.”

{12:50} Feceruntque omnes filii Israel sicut præceperat Dominus Moysi et Aaron.
{12:50} And all the sons of Israel did just as the Lord had instructed Moses and Aaron.

{12:51} Et eadem die eduxit Dominus filios Israel de terra Ægypti per turmas suas.
{12:51} And on the same day, the Lord led the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their companies.

[Exodus 13]
[Exodus 13]

{13:1} Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen, dicens:
{13:1} And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:

{13:2} Sanctifica mihi omne primogenitum quod aperit vulvam in filiis Israel, tam de hominibus quam de iumentis: mea sunt enim omnia.
{13:2} “Sanctify to me every firstborn which opens the womb among the sons of Israel, as much of men as of cattle. For they are all mine.”

{13:3} Et ait Moyses ad populum: Mementote diei huius in qua egressi estis de Ægypto et de domo servitutis, quoniam in manu forti eduxit vos Dominus de loco isto: ut non comedatis fermentatum panem.
{13:3} And Moses said to the people: “Remember this day, on which you were taken away from Egypt and from the house of servitude. For with a strong hand the Lord has led you away from this place. Thus, you shall eat no leavened bread.

{13:4} Hodie egredimini mense novarum frugum.
{13:4} Today, you go forth in the month of new grain.

{13:5} Cumque introduxerit te Dominus in Terram Chananæi et Hethæi et Amorrhæi et Hevæi et Iebusæi, quam iuravit patribus tuis ut daret tibi, terram fluentem lacte et melle, celebrabis hunc morem sacrorum mense isto.
{13:5} And when the Lord has brought you into the land of the Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Amorite, and the Hivite, and the Jebusite, which he swore to your fathers that he would give to you, a land flowing with milk and honey, you will celebrate this manner of sacred rites in this month.

{13:6} Septem diebus vesceris azymis: et in die septimo erit sollemnitas Domini.
{13:6} For seven days, you shall feed on unleavened bread. And on the seventh day, it will be the solemnity of the Lord.

{13:7} Azyma comedetis septem diebus: non apparebit apud te aliquid fermentatum, nec in cunctis finibus tuis.
{13:7} You shall consume unleavened bread for seven days. There shall not be seen anything leavened with you, nor in all your parts.

{13:8} Narrabisque filio tuo in die illo, dicens: Hoc est quod fecit mihi Dominus quando egressus sum de Ægypto.
{13:8} And you will explain to your son in that day, saying: ‘This is what the Lord did for me when I was taken away from Egypt.’

{13:9} Et erit quasi signum in manu tua, et quasi monimentum ante oculos tuos: et ut lex Domini semper sit in ore tuo, in manu enim forti eduxit te Dominus de Ægypto.
{13:9} And it will be like a sign in your hand and like a memorial before your eyes. And so may the law of the Lord be always in your mouth. For with a strong hand, the Lord led you away from the land of Egypt.

{13:10} Custodies huiuscemodi cultum statuto tempore a diebus in dies.
{13:10} You will keep this observance, at the established time, from day to day.

{13:11} Cumque introduxerit te Dominus in Terram Chananæi, sicut iuravit tibi et patribus tuis, et dederit tibi eam:
{13:11} And when the Lord has brought you into the land of the Canaanite, just as he swore to you and to your fathers, and when he will give it you,

{13:12} separabis omne quod aperit vulvam Domino, et quod primitivum est in pecoribus tuis: quidquid habueris masculini sexus, consecrabis Domino.
{13:12} then you shall set aside for the Lord all that opens the womb and all that is first to go forth among your cattle. Whatever you will have of the male sex, you shall consecrate to the Lord.

{13:13} Primogenitum asini mutabis ove: quod si non redemeris, interficies. Omne autem primogenitum hominis de filiis tuis, pretio redimes.
{13:13} The firstborn of a donkey you will exchange for a sheep. And if you will not redeem it, you shall put it to death. But every firstborn of man among your sons, you shall redeem with a price.

{13:14} Cumque interrogaverit te filius tuus cras, dicens: Quid est hoc? respondebis ei: In manu forti eduxit nos Dominus de terra Ægypti, de domo servitutis.
{13:14} And when your son will question you tomorrow, saying, ‘What is this?’ you will respond, ‘With a strong hand the Lord led us away from the land of Egypt, from the house of servitude.

{13:15} Nam cum induratus esset Pharao, et nollet nos dimittere, occidit Dominus omne primogenitum in Terra Ægypti a primogenito hominis usque ad primogenitum iumentorum: idcirco immolo Domino omne quod aperit vulvam masculini sexus, et omnia primogenita filiorum meorum redimo.
{13:15} For when Pharaoh had been hardened and was unwilling to release us, the Lord killed every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of man, even to the firstborn of beasts. For this reason, I immolate to the Lord all of the male sex that opens the womb, and all the firstborn of my sons I redeem.’

{13:16} Erit igitur quasi signum in manu tua, et quasi appensum quid, ob recordationem, inter oculos tuos: eo quod in manu forti eduxit nos Dominus de Ægypto.
{13:16} Therefore, it will be like a sign in your hand and like something hanging between your eyes as a remembrance, because with a strong hand the Lord has led us away from Egypt.”

{13:17} Igitur cum emisisset Pharao populum, non eos duxit Deus per viam Terræ Philisthiim quæ vicina est: reputans ne forte pœniteret eum, si vidisset adversum se bella consurgere, et reverteretur in Ægyptum.
{13:17} And so, when Pharaoh had sent the people away, God did not lead them by the way of the land of the Philistines, which is nearby, considering that perhaps they might relapse, if they saw wars rise up against them, and then they might return to Egypt.

{13:18} Sed circumduxit per viam deserti, quæ est iuxta Mare Rubrum: et armati ascenderunt filii Israel de Terra Ægypti.
{13:18} But he led them around by the way of the desert, which is next to the Red Sea. And so the sons of Israel ascended, armed, out of the land of Egypt.

{13:19} Tulit quoque Moyses ossa Ioseph secum: eo quod adiurasset filios Israel, dicens: Visitabit vos Deus, efferte ossa mea hinc vobiscum.
{13:19} Also, Moses took the bones of Joseph with him, because he had sworn to the sons of Israel, saying: “God will visit you. Carry my bones away from here with you.”

{13:20} Profectique de Socoth castrametati sunt in Etham in extremis finibus solitudinis.
{13:20} And setting out from Soccoth, they encamped at Etham, in the most distant parts of the wilderness.

{13:21} Dominus autem præcedebat eos ad ostendendam viam per diem in columna nubis, et per noctem in columna ignis: ut dux esset itineris utroque tempore.
{13:21} Now the Lord preceded them to show them the way, by day with a pillar of cloud, and by night with a pillar of fire, so that he might be the leader of their journey at both times.

{13:22} Numquam defuit columna nubis per diem, nec columna ignis per noctem, coram populo.
{13:22} These never failed: a pillar of cloud by day, and a pillar of fire by night, in the sight of the people.